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Caragana (view source)

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Caragana (Caragan, its Mongolian name). Leguminosae. Pea Tree. Ornamental shrubs chiefly grown for their bright yellow flowers; some species are also used for hedges.
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Leaves abruptly pinnate, often with persistent spiny-pointed rachis; lfts. small, entire; stipules deciduous or persistent and spiny: fls. papilionaceous; standard upright, like the wings with long claws; keel obtuse and straight; stamens 10, 9 connate, 1 free; ovary scarcely stipitate: pod linear, terete, straight, 2- valved, with several seeds. —More than 50 species from S. Russia to China, most of them in Cent. Asia. Monograph by Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 29:179-388 (1908), with 16 plates.
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The caraganas are deciduous unarmed or spiny shrubs with yellow, rarely whitish or pinkish flowers axillary and solitary or fascicled, followed by linear pods. The cultivated species are quite hardy, except a few Himalayan species. They grow in almost any soil, but best in a sandy soil and sunny position, and are well adapted for shrubberies. C. arborescens is the only one which grows into a small tree, and is of upright habit, like C. frutex, which is about half as high and more graceful; most of the other species are low shrubs, of usually spreading habit. C. arborescens is one of the best hedge shrubs for the prairies of the Northwest.
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Propagation is by seeds sown in fall or in spring; if kept dry during the winter, soaking in tepid water for two or three days before sowing will be of advantage; also increased by root-cuttings and layers, or by grafting on seedling stock of C. arborescens in spring.
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C. Altagana, Poir.=C. microphylla.—C. arborteacens arenaria, Hort.=C. microplylla. —C. arenaria, Dipp.=C. aurantiaca, Koehne. —C. aurantiaca, Koehne. Allied to C. pygmaea. Fls. orange-yellow; calyx as long as broad; ovary glabrous. Siberia.—C. Boisii, Schneid. (C. microphylla var. crasse-aculeata, Bois). Allied to C. arborescens. Shrub, to 6 ft.: lfts. 10-12, obovate or narrowly obovate, about ½in. long, silky pubescent beneath at least when young, whitish beneath: stipules spiny: fls. solitary. W. China. V.F. 57.—C. brevispina, Royle (C.trifiora,Lindl.). Spines 2-3 in. long: lfts. 12-16, pubescent: fls. 2-4, on a common peduncle. Himalayas. P.F.G. 2: 184.—C. decorticans, Hemsl. Allied to C. microphylla. Shrub or small tree, spiny: lfts. 8-12, oval, less than ½ in. long: fls. 1-2. Afghanistan. H.I. 18:1725.—C. frutenscens, DC. =C. frutex.-C. Gerardiana, Royle. Spines 1½-2 in. long: stipules large, scarious: lfts. 8-12, densely pubescent: fls. 1-2, short - pedicelled. Himalayas.—C. gracilis, Hort.=C. pygmaea. — C. grandiflora, DC. Allied to C. pygmaea. Lfts. cuneate-oblong, glabrous or pubescent: fls. 1¼ in. long; calyx gibbous at the base. Caucasus.—The plant sometimes cult. under this name is a variety of C. frutex.—C. jubata, Pall. Sparingly branched shrub with very thick, spiny and villous branches: stipules large, scarious: lfts. 8-14, linear-oblong, villoua beneath: fls. whitish, 1 in. long, short-pedicelled. Siberia. F.S. 19:2013. L. B.C. 6:522. Gt. 10:331. A very distinct and curious-looking species: hardy.-C. sophoraefolia, Bess. (C. arborescens X C. microphylla. C. cuneifolia, Dipp.). Lfts. usually 12, oblong to elliptic, cuneate, acute: pods ¾in. long. Garden origin.—C. spinosa, DC. Spines 1 in. long: lfts. 4, rarely more, approximate, cuneate-lanceolate, glabrous: fls. solitary, short-pedicelled. Siberia.—C. spinosiasima, C. Koch=C. spinosa.—C. tragacanthoides, Poir. Spiny: lfts. 4-8, cuneate, oblong, pubescent: fls. solitary, short-pedicelled: calyx villous-pubescent. Himalayas.—C. triflora, Lindl.=C. brevispina. —C. vulgaris, Hort.=C. arborescens.  Alfred rehder.
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Caragana''
 
| name = ''Caragana''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = shrubs, small trees
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Caragana pygmaea2.jpg
 
| image = Caragana pygmaea2.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 240px   <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = ''Caragana pygmaea'' foliage and flowers
 
| image_caption = ''Caragana pygmaea'' foliage and flowers
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Fabales]]
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| ordo = Fabales
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| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
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| familia = Fabaceae
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| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
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| genus = Caragana
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| genus = '''''Caragana'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Philipp Conrad Fabricius|Fabr.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision = See text
   
}}
 
}}
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Caragana (Caragan, its Mongolian name). Leguminosae. Pea Tree. Ornamental shrubs chiefly grown for their bright yellow flowers; some species are also used for hedges{{SCH}}.
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'''''Caragana''''' is a genus of about 80 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Fabaceae]], native to [[Asia]] and eastern [[Europe]].
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Leaves abruptly pinnate, often with persistent spiny-pointed rachis; lfts. small, entire; stipules deciduous or persistent and spiny: fls. papilionaceous; standard upright, like the wings with long claws; keel obtuse and straight; stamens 10, 9 connate, 1 free; ovary scarcely stipitate: pod linear, terete, straight, 2- valved, with several seeds. —More than 50 species from S. Russia to China, most of them in Cent. Asia. Monograph by Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 29:179-388 (1908), with 16 plates{{SCH}}.
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They are [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s growing 1-6&nbsp;m (3-20&nbsp;ft) tall. They have even-pinnate [[leaf|leaves]] with small leaflets, and solitary or clustered mostly yellow (rarely white or pink) flowers and bearing seeds in a linear pod.
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The caraganas are deciduous unarmed or spiny shrubs with yellow, rarely whitish or pinkish flowers axillary and solitary or fascicled, followed by linear pods. The cultivated species are quite hardy, except a few Himalayan species. They grow in almost any soil, but best in a sandy soil and sunny position, and are well adapted for shrubberies. C. arborescens is the only one which grows into a small tree, and is of upright habit, like C. frutex, which is about half as high and more graceful; most of the other species are low shrubs, of usually spreading habit. C. arborescens is one of the best hedge shrubs for the prairies of the Northwest{{SCH}}.
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}}
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''Caragana'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dark Dagger]].
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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;Selected species
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===Propagation===
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Propagation is by seeds sown in fall or in spring; if kept dry during the winter, soaking in tepid water for two or three days before sowing will be of advantage; also increased by root-cuttings and layers, or by grafting on seedling stock of C. arborescens in spring{{SCH}}.
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===Pests and diseases===
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''Caragana'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Dark Dagger]]{{wp}}.
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==Species==
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;Selected species{{wp}}
 
{|
 
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*''[[Caragana versicolor]]'' Benth.  
 
*''[[Caragana versicolor]]'' Benth.  
 
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*C. Altagana, Poir. (syn. C. microphylla)
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*C. arborteacens arenaria, Hort.(syn. C. microphylla)
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*C. arenaria, Dipp.(syn. C. aurantiaca)
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*C. aurantiaca, Koehne. Allied to C. pygmaea. Fls. orange-yellow; calyx as long as broad; ovary glabrous. Siberia.
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*C. Boisii, Schneid. (C. microphylla var. crasse-aculeata, Bois). Allied to C. arborescens. Shrub, to 6 ft.: lfts. 10-12, obovate or narrowly obovate, about ½in. long, silky pubescent beneath at least when young, whitish beneath: stipules spiny: fls. solitary. W. China. V.F. 57.
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*C. brevispina, Royle (C.trifiora,Lindl.). Spines 2-3 in. long: lfts. 12-16, pubescent: fls. 2-4, on a common peduncle. Himalayas. P.F.G. 2: 184.
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*C. decorticans, Hemsl. Allied to C. microphylla. Shrub or small tree, spiny: lfts. 8-12, oval, less than ½ in. long: fls. 1-2. Afghanistan. H.I. 18:1725.
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*C. frutenscens, DC. (syn. C. frutex)
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*C. Gerardiana, Royle. Spines 1½-2 in. long: stipules large, scarious: lfts. 8-12, densely pubescent: fls. 1-2, short - pedicelled. Himalayas.
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*C. gracilis, Hort.(syn. C. pygmaea)
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*C. grandiflora, DC. Allied to C. pygmaea. Lfts. cuneate-oblong, glabrous or pubescent: fls. 1¼ in. long; calyx gibbous at the base. Caucasus.
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The plant sometimes cult. under this name is a variety of C. frutex.
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*C. jubata, Pall. Sparingly branched shrub with very thick, spiny and villous branches: stipules large, scarious: lfts. 8-14, linear-oblong, villoua beneath: fls. whitish, 1 in. long, short-pedicelled. Siberia. F.S. 19:2013. L. B.C. 6:522. Gt. 10:331. A very distinct and curious-looking species: hardy.
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*C. sophoraefolia, Bess. (C. arborescens X C. microphylla. C. cuneifolia, Dipp.). Lfts. usually 12, oblong to elliptic, cuneate, acute: pods ¾in. long. Garden origin.
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*C. spinosa, DC. Spines 1 in. long: lfts. 4, rarely more, approximate, cuneate-lanceolate, glabrous: fls. solitary, short-pedicelled. Siberia.
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*C. spinosiasima, C. Koch (syn. C. spinosa)
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*C. tragacanthoides, Poir. Spiny: lfts. 4-8, cuneate, oblong, pubescent: fls. solitary, short-pedicelled: calyx villous-pubescent. Himalayas.
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*C. triflora, Lindl. (syn. C. brevispina)
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*C. vulgaris, Hort. (syn. C. arborescens)
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{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=105589 Flora of Pakistan: ''Caragana'']
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2061 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Caragana'']
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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* [http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/unabridged?va=caragana Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caragana entry]
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Fabaceae]]
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[[Category:Faboideae]]
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