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Paphiopedilum (view source)

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Paphiopedilum''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Paphiopedilum-sukhakulii.jpg
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = sukhakulii
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| tribus = Cypripedieae
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| genus = Paphiopedilum
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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[[Image:Paph_bellatulum.jpg|thumb|''Paphiopedilum bellatulum'']]
 
Paphiopedilum (from Paphos, Paphinia see, and Latin for sandal). Orchidàceae. Terrestrial or epiphytic orchids grown in a warm greenhouse; comprises the glasshouse cypripediums.
 
Paphiopedilum (from Paphos, Paphinia see, and Latin for sandal). Orchidàceae. Terrestrial or epiphytic orchids grown in a warm greenhouse; comprises the glasshouse cypripediums.
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Poyntzianum, 25. splendens, 34, 37. Volonteanum, 27.
 
Poyntzianum, 25. splendens, 34, 37. Volonteanum, 27.
 
praestans, 6, 7. splendidum, 37. Warneri, 40.
 
praestans, 6, 7. splendidum, 37. Warneri, 40.
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pulcherrimum, 40. stenosemum, 42.
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pulcherrimum, 40. stenosemum, 42.{{SCH}}
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}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Paphiopedilum''
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| image = Cypripédium insigne flower.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = ''Paphiopediulum insigne''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| subfamilia = [[Cypripedioideae]]
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| tribus = [[Cypripedieae]]
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| subtribus = '''Paphiopedilinae'''
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| genus = '''''Paphiopedilum'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer|Pfitzer]], [[1886]]
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
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| subdivision =
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See text.
   
}}
 
}}
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'''''Paphiopedilum''''' is a [[genus]] in the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]) of approximately 77 species native to South [[China]], [[India]], [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Pacific Islands]]. The genus has been given its own [[subtribe]], the '''Paphiopedilinae'''.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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== Description ==
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===Propagation===
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The genus name ''Paphiopedilum'' is derived from the Greek ''Paphos'', a city on the island of Cyprus, and ''pedilon'', slipper. Most species in this genus were previously considered part of the genus ''Cypripedium'', but ''Paphiopedilum'' was accepted as the conserved (valid in use) name in 1959.
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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''Paphiopedilum'' (sometimes colloquially referred to as "Paphs") are considered highly collectible by growers due to the curious and unusual form of their flowers. Most naturally occur among humus layers as [[terrestrial plant |terrestrial]]s on the forest floor, while a few are true [[epiphyte]]s and some are [[lithophyte]]s.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Along with ''[[Phragmipedium]]'', ''[[Cypripedium]]'', ''[[Mexipedium]]'', and ''[[Selenipedium]]'', the genus is a member of the subfamily ''[[Cypripedioideae]]'', commonly referred to as the Lady’s or Venus’ [[Lady's Slipper|Slipper Orchids]], so named from the unusual shape of the [[pouch (orchids)|pouch]] ([[labellum]]) of the flower, which was said to resemble a lady’s slipper. The pouch functions by trapping insects so that they are forced to climb up past the [[staminode]], behind which they collect or deposit [[pollinium|pollinia]].
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==Species==
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[[Image:Paph_bellatulum.jpg|thumb|left|''Paphiopedilum bellatulum'']]
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These [[sympodial]] orchids lack [[pseudobulb]]s. Instead they grow robust [[shoot]]s, each with several [[leaf|leaves]]. These can be short and rounded or long and narrow, and typically have a mottled pattern. When older shoots die, newer ones take over. Each new shoot only blooms once when it is fully grown, producing a [[raceme]] between the fleshy, succulent leaves. The roots are thick and fleshy. Potted plants form a tight lump of roots that, when untangled, can be up to l m long.
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The Chinese orchid ''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'', discovered in 1979 and described in 1982, amazed growers of orchids by the extraordinary beauty of its golden flowers.
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The Paphiopedilums are among the most widely cultivated and hybridized of orchid genera. Thousands of interspecific [[hybrid]]s have been registered with the [[Royal Horticultural Society]] in [[London]] over the years. These orchids are relatively easy to grow indoors, as long as conditions that mimic their natural habitats are created. Most species thrive in moderate to high humidity (50 to 70 percent), moderate temperatures ranging from 13 to 35 degrees [[Celsius]] and low light of 12,000 to 20,000 [[lux]]. Modern hybrids are typically easier to grow in artificial conditions than their parent species.
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==[[Synonymy]]==
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The 3 genera '''''Cordula''''' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]</small>, '''''Stimegas''''' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]</small> and '''''Menephora''''' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]</small> are generally considered synonyms of ''Paphiopedilum''.
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== Taxonomy ==
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<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Paphiopedilum-wolterianum.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum appletonianum'']] -->
   
[[Image:Paphiopedilum-primulinum.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum primulinum'']]
 
[[Image:Paphiopedilum-primulinum.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum primulinum'']]
 
[[Image:Paphiopedilum-argus.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum argus'']]
 
[[Image:Paphiopedilum-argus.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum argus'']]
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[[Image:Paphiopedilum-philippense.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''roebelenii'']]
 
[[Image:Paphiopedilum-philippense.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''roebelenii'']]
 
[[Image:Paphiopedilum-spicerianum.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum spicerianum'']]
 
[[Image:Paphiopedilum-spicerianum.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum spicerianum'']]
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[[Image:Paphiopedilum-sukhakulii.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'']]
   
[[Image:Paphiopedilum_rothschildianum.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum rothschildianum'']]
 
[[Image:Paphiopedilum_rothschildianum.jpg|thumb|right|''Paphiopedilum rothschildianum'']]
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The genus ''Paphiopedilum'' has been divided into several subgenera, and then further into sections and subsections.
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The genus ''Paphiopedilum'' has been divided into several subgenera, and then further into sections and subsections{{wp}}.
    
;Subgenus ''Parvisepalum''
 
;Subgenus ''Parvisepalum''
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*''Paphiopedilum × venustoinsigne'' (''P. insigne'' × ''P. venustum'') (Assam).
 
*''Paphiopedilum × venustoinsigne'' (''P. insigne'' × ''P. venustum'') (Assam).
 
*''Paphiopedilum × vietenryanum'' (''P. gratrixianum'' × ''P. henryanum'') (China – YunNan).
 
*''Paphiopedilum × vietenryanum'' (''P. gratrixianum'' × ''P. henryanum'') (China – YunNan).
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*Braem, G. J., Charles O. Baker, Margaret L. Baker. ''The Genus Paphiopedilum: Natural History and Cultivation'', Vol. 1. Kissimmee, Florida: Botanical Publishers, Inc., 1998.
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*Leroy-Terquem, Gerald and Jean Parisot. ''Orchids: Care and Cultivation.'' London: Cassel Publishers Ltd., 1991.
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*Pridgeon, A.M.; Cribb, P.J.; Chase, M.W. & F. N. Rasmussen (1999): Genera Orchidacearum Vol.1, Oxford U. Press. ISBN 0-19-850513-2
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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*Schoser, Gustav. ''Orchid Growing Basics.'' New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 1993.
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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*White, Judy. ''Taylor’s Guide to Orchids.'' Frances Tenenbaum, Series Editor. New York: Houghton-Mifflin, 1996.
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== External links ==
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==External links==
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{{commons|Paphiopedilum|''Paphiopedilum''}}
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*{{wplink}}
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Paphiopedilum molecular characterization data
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{{stub}}
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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=117957314]
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?db=nucleotide&val=2765590]
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* [http://www.digitalcloseups.com Orchid Picture Gallery]
   
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
 
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
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