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Castilleja (view source)

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Castilleja''
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| common_names = Indian paintbrush, Prairie-fire
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = [[Alaska]] to [[Andes]], NE [[Asia]].
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Indian Paintbrush in Grand Teton NP-NPS.jpg
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Lamiales
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| familia = Orobanchaceae
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| genus = Castilleja
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}}
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'''''Castilleja''''' is a [[genus]] of about 200 species of [[annual]] and [[perennial]] [[herb]]aceous [[plant]]s. Formerly classified in the family [[Scrophulariaceae]], they have recently been relegated to the family [[Orobanchaceae]]. They are semi-[[Parasitic plant|parasitic]] on the roots of grasses.{{wp}}
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Castilleja (a Spanish botanist, D. Castillejo). Scrophulariaceae. Painted-cup. Herbs with showy bracts in a terminal head or spike, sometimes cultivated.
 
Castilleja (a Spanish botanist, D. Castillejo). Scrophulariaceae. Painted-cup. Herbs with showy bracts in a terminal head or spike, sometimes cultivated.
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Flowers small, solitary, in terminal gaudy-bracted spikes; corolla tubular, sometimes flattened laterally, 2-lipped; lower lip smaller, more or less 3-toothed; stamens 4: lvs. alternate, entire or cut—Upwards of 3O species in U. S. and Mex., and 1 in N. Asia. Castillejas are little known in gardens. They are more or less root-parasitic.
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Flowers small, solitary, in terminal gaudy-bracted spikes; corolla tubular, sometimes flattened laterally, 2-lipped; lower lip smaller, more or less 3-toothed; stamens 4: lvs. alternate, entire or cut—Upwards of 3O species in U. S. and Mex., and 1 in N. Asia. Castillejas are little known in gardens. They are more or less root-parasitic.{{SCH}}
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}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{Taxobox
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Castilleja''
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===Propagation===
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| image = Indian Paintbrush in Grand Teton NP-NPS.jpg
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| image_width = 240px
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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===Pests and diseases===
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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==Species==
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| familia = [[Orobanchaceae]]
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About 200 species, including{{wp}}:
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| genus = '''''Castilleja'''''
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| genus_authority = [[José Celestino Bruno Mutis|Mutis]] ex [[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger|L.f.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =  
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About 200 species, including:
   
*''[[Castilleja chromosa]]''
 
*''[[Castilleja chromosa]]''
 
*''[[Castilleja coccinea]]''
 
*''[[Castilleja coccinea]]''
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*''[[Castilleja neglecta]]''
 
*''[[Castilleja neglecta]]''
 
*''[[Castilleja pallida]]''
 
*''[[Castilleja pallida]]''
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}}
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'''''Castilleja''''' is a [[genus]] of about 200 species of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]]aceous [[plant]]s native to the west of [[the Americas]] from [[Alaska]] south to the [[Andes]], as well as northeast [[Asia]]. Formerly classified in the family [[Scrophulariaceae]], they have recently been relegated to the family [[Orobanchaceae]] as a consequence of [[molecular systematics]] research (see [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]]). They are commonly known as '''Indian paintbrush''' or '''Prairie-fire'''. They are semi-[[Parasitic plant|parasitic]] on the roots of grasses.
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''Castilleja'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Schinia|Schinia cupes]]'' (which has been recorded on ''C. exserta'') and ''[[Schinia|Schinia pulchripennis]]'' (which feeds exclusively on ''C. exserta''). Also checkerspot butterflies such as ''Euphydryas''.
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One of the species of this genus, '''Indian paintbrush''' (''Castilleja linariaefolia'' <ref>Wyoming Statute 8-3-104  [http://legisweb.state.wy.us/statutes/statutes.aspx?file=titles/Title8/Title8.htm (Title 8)]</ref>) was adopted on [[January 31]], [[1917]] as the state flower of [[Wyoming]].
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[[Image:Desert paintbrush flower.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Possibly ''[[Castilleja chromosa]]'', "Desert Paintbrush", at the [[Sandia Mountains]].]]
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[[Image:Ind_pntbrush.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Unidentified Castilleja species found near [[Greenhorn Mountain Wilderness | Greenhorn Mountain]], in the Wet Mountains.]]
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[[Image:Orthocarpus_prupuracens.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Castilleja exserta'', Owl's Clover from near [[Harquahala Mountains]], Arizona, USA.  This species was formally classified as ''Orthocarpus''.]]
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{{commons|Castilleja}}
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==Gallery==
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<gallery>
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Image:Desert paintbrush flower.jpg|Possibly ''[[Castilleja chromosa]]'', "Desert Paintbrush", at the [[Sandia Mountains]].
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Image:Ind_pntbrush.jpg|Unidentified Castilleja species
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Image:Orthocarpus_prupuracens.jpg|''Castilleja exserta'', Owl's Clover.  This species was formally classified as ''Orthocarpus''.
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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[http://wildflower.utexas.edu/plants/search.php?search_field=Castilleja&newsearch=true  Native Plant Information Network]: Listing of species in the Castilleja genus.
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*{{wplink}}
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<br />[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7206 Jepson Manual] - taxonomic description of the genus.
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Flowers]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Parasitic plants]]
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[[Category:Symbols of Wyoming]]
 
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