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Cephalanthera (view source)

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Cephalanthera (Greek for head and anther). Orchidaceae. About 10 species of small temperate-region terrestrial orchids, allied to Epipactis and Pogonia. Some of them are western N. American, and others are European. Sepals 3; petals small, ovate; lip saccate: lvs. (sometimes wanting) lanceolate or oblong: fls. mostly small (sometimes showy), in an open spike. The species are scarcely known in cult., but 2 Japanese species have been offered by importers. These are E. falcate Blume, yellow, and E. erecta, Blume, white.
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Cephalanthera''
 
| name = ''Cephalanthera''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Cephalanthera longifolia plant100604.jpg
 
| image = Cephalanthera longifolia plant100604.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = Sword-leaved Helleborine<br /> (''Cephalanthera longifolia'')
 
| image_caption = Sword-leaved Helleborine<br /> (''Cephalanthera longifolia'')
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
   
| tribus = Neottieae
 
| tribus = Neottieae
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| subtribus = Limodorinae
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| genus = Cephalanthera
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| genus = '''''Cephalanthera'''''
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}}
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| genus_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]])
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'''''Cephalanthera''''' is a genus of, mostly, terrestrial [[orchid]]s.  Members of this genus have [[rhizome]]s rather than [[tuber]]s{{wp}}.  
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
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| subdivision =
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{{Inc|
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possibly incomplete list: <br>
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Cephalanthera (Greek for head and anther). Orchidaceae. About 10 species of small temperate-region terrestrial orchids, allied to Epipactis and Pogonia. Some of them are western N. American, and others are European. Sepals 3; petals small, ovate; lip saccate: lvs. (sometimes wanting) lanceolate or oblong: fls. mostly small (sometimes showy), in an open spike. The species are scarcely known in cult., but 2 Japanese species have been offered by importers. These are E. falcate Blume, yellow, and E. erecta, Blume, white.{{SCH}}
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''[[Phantom Orchid|Cephalanthera austiniae]]'' (A.Gry) Heller<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera bijiangensis]]'' Chen<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera calcarata]]'' Chen & Lang<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera caucasica]]'' Krzl.<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera culcullata]]'' Boiss. & Heldr.<br>
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''[[White Helleborine|Cephalanthera damasonium]]'' (type species)<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera epipactoides]]'' Fischer & C. A. Meyer<br>
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''[[Golden Orchid|Cephalanthera falcata]]''<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera gracilis]]''<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera kotschyana]]'' Renz & Taub.<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera kurdica]]''  Bornm.<br>
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''[[Bamboo leaved Silver Orchid|Cephalanthera longibracteata]]''<br>
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''[[Sword-leaved Helleborine|Cephalanthera longifolia]]'' (L.) Fritsch<br>
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''[[Red Helleborine|Cephalanthera rubra]]'' (L.) Rich.<br>
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''[[Cephalanthera schaberi]]'' Baum.
   
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'''''Cephalanthera''''' is a genus of, mostly, terrestrial [[orchid]]s.  Members of this genus have [[rhizome]]s rather than [[tuber]]s.  About 15 species are currently recognised, several of them common in [[Europe]], for example the [[Sword-leaved Helleborine]] ''C. longifolia''.  Most others are native to [[Asia]], ranging from the [[Caucasus]], e.g. ''C. caucasica'', to [[Japan]], e.g. the [[Bamboo-leaved Silver Orchid]] ''C. longibracteata''.  The [[China|Chinese]] species ''C. gracilis'' was only described in [[2002]].  The only species found in [[North America]] is the [[Phantom Orchid]] or Snow Orchid ''C. austiniae''. Ecologically, this species is partially [[myco-heterotrophic]].  Some of the Eurasian species [[hybrid]]ise.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
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possibly incomplete list{{wp}}:
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*''[[Phantom Orchid|Cephalanthera austiniae]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera bijiangensis]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera calcarata]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera caucasica]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera culcullata]]''
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*''[[White Helleborine|Cephalanthera damasonium]]'' (type species)
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*''[[Cephalanthera epipactoides]]''
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*''[[Golden Orchid|Cephalanthera falcata]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera gracilis]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera kotschyana]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera kurdica]]''
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*''[[Bamboo leaved Silver Orchid|Cephalanthera longibracteata]]''
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*''[[Sword-leaved Helleborine|Cephalanthera longifolia]]''
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*''[[Red Helleborine|Cephalanthera rubra]]''
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*''[[Cephalanthera schaberi]]''
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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Several of the European species have common names including the word "[[helleborine]]", but this name does not correspond to any modern taxon, and orchids in other genera are also called helleborines.  In addition to those listed here, very large numbers of other specific names will be found in the older literature, but these are almost all [[synonym (biology)|synonym]]s for the best known species such as ''C. longifolia'' or ''C. damasonium'', the European [[White Helleborine]].
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{Commons|Cephalanthera}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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{{orchid-stub}}
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[category:Orchid genera]]
 
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