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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
| name = ''Cyatheales''
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
| common_names = Tree ferns
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
| growth_habit = Tree-like, ferns
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
| lifespan = perennial
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
| color = IndianRed
| color = IndianRed
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
| image = Dicksonia antarctica Cultivated GardenEngland.jpg
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
| image_caption = Tasmanian tree fern (''Dicksonia antarctica'')
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom -->
| regnum = Plantae
| divisio = <!--- Phylum -->
| divisio = Pteridophyta
| classis = <!--- Class -->
| classis = Pteridopsida
| ordo = <!--- Order -->
| subclassis = Cyatheatae
| familia = <!--- Family -->
| ordo = Cyatheales
}}
}}
Most ferns that can be described as Tree Ferns fall into the [[Dicksoniaceae]] and [[Cyatheaceae]] families, which together comprise the Cyatheales [[order]]. Some other ferns which take a tree form do exist, but technically the name is only applied to this order.
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
The term "tree fern" is applied commonly to ferns of the family Cyatheaceae, to distinguish
The term "tree fern" is applied commonly to ferns of the family Cyatheaceae, to distinguish
them from species of other families of ferns which, for the most part, are not at all
them from species of other families of ferns which, for the most part, are not at all
upon lofty mountains and upon the seaward side of ranges which are drenched constantly by
upon lofty mountains and upon the seaward side of ranges which are drenched constantly by
cool moisture laden winds from the ocean.
cool moisture laden winds from the ocean.
The Cyatheaceae are divided technically into three tribes: Thyrsopterideae, Dicksonieae, and
The Cyatheaceae are divided technically into three tribes: Thyrsopterideae, Dicksonieae, and
Rica and Panama, a lofty plant with leaf-scars in distant zones, having the unusual habit
Rica and Panama, a lofty plant with leaf-scars in distant zones, having the unusual habit
also of shedding piecemeal all its large tripinnatifid fronds, seasonally.
also of shedding piecemeal all its large tripinnatifid fronds, seasonally.
Of Alsophila, the two best-known species in cultivation are doubtless A. australis and A.
Of Alsophila, the two best-known species in cultivation are doubtless A. australis and A.
equaled by certain parts of the Andes of South America, when that immense territory shall
equaled by certain parts of the Andes of South America, when that immense territory shall
have been adequately explored. William R. Maxon.
have been adequately explored. William R. Maxon.
{{SCH}}
}}
==Cultivation==
{{Inc|
The successful cultivation of tree ferns under glass is predicated upon these facts,
although not all the species here mentioned are horticulturally known in this country. It is
found that most species should be grown at a temperature of about 60° F. and in a rather
shallow soil; that a continuously wet but well-drained substratum is essential; and that in
general a tolerably high atmospheric humidity also is requisite for best growth. Very bright
sunlight must be guarded against in all but a few species, among these being the common
tropical American Cyathea arborea, which grows naturally in rather open places, and C.
furfuracea, a native of Cuba and Jamaica which assumes a not unattractive form in drier open
situations. As in other groups of ferns, there are certain species which demand unusual care
and minor variations of treatment, such as wrapping the trunk in sphagnum as a safeguard
against drying out.
Cultivation of tender ferns.
Cultivation of tender ferns.
24-inch paths, and two paths 2 1/2 feet wide under each gutter.
24-inch paths, and two paths 2 1/2 feet wide under each gutter.
Thorough provision should be made for ventilation. For a 27-foot house, a continuous row of
Thorough provision should be made for ventilation. For a 27-foot house, a continuous row of ventilators of at least 3 feet in width should be provided, with some reliable apparatus for raising same. Heating is the next important consideration. Either steam or hot water will give equally good results if properly installed. The safest way for the average grower is to give the heating contract to some reliable firm. Water-taps should be so arranged that a 25-foot hose attached to same will easily reach any part of the house. A 25 foot hose can easily be carried about without injuring either itself or benches and plants; and iron pipe is of only half the cost of good hose. In most fern-houses drip is a source of great annoyance, and should be prevented by the use of drip-bars, by having a drip- groove plowed into the headers immediately under the ventilating-sash, and also by having a groove in sides of gutter-plates. This very slight additional expense will very soon pay for itself by saving a great number of plants, especially when growing very small ferns in houses, such as have been transplanted from spore pots into boxes. Ventilators should fit into a groove in ridge of house and be hinged to the ridge. When ventilators are so arranged, air, which is very desirable on a good many warm rainy days in the summer, can be given without having plants in the houses suffering from excessive moisture. Burning of the foliage will also be avoided, as the plants will at no time be exposed to the direct rays of the sun. Ventilators hinged on header and opening on ridge will always give trouble. No matter what kind of covering is put over the opening, if it efficiently excludes the burning sun's rays it will also prevent the ingress of air.
ventilators of at least 3 feet in width should be provided, with some reliable apparatus for
raising same. Heating is the next important consideration. Either steam or hot water will
give equally good results if properly installed. The safest way for the average grower is to
give the heating contract to some reliable firm. Water-taps should be so arranged that a
25-foot hose attached to same will easily reach any part of the house. A 25 foot hose can
easily be carried about without injuring either itself or benches and plants; and iron pipe
is of only half the cost of good hose. In most fern-houses drip is a source of great
annoyance, and should be prevented by the use of drip-bars, by having a drip- groove plowed
into the headers immediately under the ventilating-sash, and also by having a groove in
sides of gutter-plates. This very slight additional expense will very soon pay for itself by
saving a great number of plants, especially when growing very small ferns in houses, such as
have been transplanted from spore pots into boxes. Ventilators should fit into a groove in
ridge of house and be hinged to the ridge. When ventilators are so arranged, air, which is
very desirable on a good many warm rainy days in the summer, can be given without having
plants in the houses suffering from excessive moisture. Burning of the foliage will also be
avoided, as the plants will at no time be exposed to the direct rays of the sun. Ventilators
hinged on header and opening on ridge will always give trouble. No matter what kind of
covering is put over the opening, if it efficiently excludes the burning sun's rays it will
also prevent the ingress of air.
Shading of fern-houses should have close attention. It is best effected by the application
Shading of fern-houses should have close attention. It is best effected by the application of a suitable wash to the outside of glass on roof.
of a suitable wash to the outside of glass on roof. The following composition for a wash has
{{SCH}}
{{SCH}}
}}
}}
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
{{Inc|
A propagating-room should be provided; and in the case of general trade ferns raised from spores, it is a very safe rule to calculate on having from 60 to 70 square inches of room in the propagating-frame for every 1,000 plants desired. The propagating-frame should be 3 1/2 feet wide, have sides 9 inches high, and, to insure an even moisture, its bottom should be covered to the thickness of 1 inch with fine cinders "with the fine ashes removed, which make very clean and efficient drainage material. The frame should be covered with light sash constructed with drip-bars, to carry off condensation.{{SCH}}
}}
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
==Species==
==Families and Genera==
[[Families]] and [[Genera]]{{wp}}:
* '''[[Thyrsopteridaceae]]'''
** ''[[Thyrsopteris]]''
* '''[[Loxomataceae]]'''
** ''[[Loxoma]]''
** ''[[Loxsomopsis]]''
* '''[[Culcitaceae]]'''
** ''[[Culcita (fern)|Culcita]]''
* '''[[Plagiogyriaceae]]'''
** ''[[Plagiogyria]]''
* '''[[Cibotiaceae]]'''
** ''[[Cibotium]]''
* '''[[Cyatheaceae]]'''
** ''[[Alsophila]]''
** ''[[Cyathea]]''
** ''[[Gymnosphaera]]''
** ''[[Hymenophyllopsis]]''
** ''[[Sphaeropteris]]''
* '''[[Dicksoniaceae]]'''
** ''[[Calochlaena]]''
** ''[[Dicksonia]]''
** ''[[Lophosoria]]''
* '''[[Metaxyaceae]]'''
** ''[[Metaxya]]''
==Gallery==
==Gallery==