Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki

Changes

Monarda didyma (view source)

Revision as of 04:53, 26 June 2009

565 bytes removed ,  04:53, 26 June 2009
no edit summary
Line 1: Line 1: −
{{Taxobox
+
__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
−
| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Monarda didyma''
 
| name = ''Monarda didyma''
−
| image = Bee_balm.jpg
+
| common_names = bee balm, oswego tea, horsemint
−
| image_width = 240px
+
| growth_habit = herbaceous
−
| image_caption = ''Monarda didyma''
+
| high = 1m    <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
−
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
+
| wide = 20cm    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
−
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+
| origin =     <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
−
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
+
| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
−
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
+
| lifespan = perennial{{SSN}}
−
| familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
+
| exposure = sun (light afternoon shade where hot)
−
| genus = ''[[Monarda]]''
+
| water = moderate, does not like to stand in water    <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
−
| species = '''''M. didyma'''''
+
| features = fragrant    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
−
| binomial = ''Monarda didyma''
+
| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
−
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
+
| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
−
| range_map = Monarda didyma in the USA.svg
+
| usda_zones =     <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
−
| range_map_width = 240px
+
| sunset_zones = 2-11, 14-17, 30-41
−
| range_map_caption = U.S. distribution of ''Monarda didyma''
+
| color = IndianRed
 +
| image = Monarda-didyma.JPG  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
 +
| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 +
| image_caption = Monarda didyma   <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
 +
| regnum = Plantae
 +
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
 +
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 +
| ordo = Lamiales
 +
| familia = Lamiaceae
 +
| genus = Monarda
 +
| species = didyma
 
}}
 
}}
 +
This plant provides flavor and scent with its leaves and flowers. The Earl Grey tea is scented with this plant.
   −
''Monarda didyma'' ('''Bergamot''', '''Scarlet Beebalm''', '''Scarlet Monarda''', '''Oswego Tea''', or '''Crimson Beebalm''') is an aromatic [[herb]] in the family [[Lamiaceae]], native to eastern [[North America]] from [[Maine]] west to [[Ohio]] and south to northern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Its name is derived from its odor which is considered similar to that of the [[bergamot orange]]. The [[binomial nomenclature|scientific name]] comes from [[Nicolas Monardes]], who described the first American flora in [[1569]].
+
==Cultivation==
 +
{{monthbox
 +
| color = IndianRed
 +
| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left -->
 +
| jan =
 +
| feb =
 +
| mar =
 +
| apr =
 +
| may =
 +
| jun =
 +
| jul =
 +
| aug =
 +
| sep =
 +
| oct =
 +
| nov =
 +
| dec =
 +
| notes =
 +
}}
 +
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
   −
===Description===
+
===Propagation===
−
This hardy [[perennial plant]] grows to 0.7-1.5 m in height, with the stems square in cross-section. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are opposite on the square stems, 6-15 cm long and 3-8 cm broad, and dark green with reddish leaf veins and a coarsely-toothed margin; they are glaborous or sparsely pubescent above with spreading hairs below. It has ragged, bright red tubular [[flower]]s 3-4 cm long, borne on showy heads of about 30 together, with reddish bracts. It grows in dense clusters along stream banks, thickets and ditches, flowering from July to late August.
+
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
    +
===Pests and diseases===
 +
Very sensitive to mold. Do not overwater.
   −
===Cultivation and uses===
+
==Cultivars==
−
Bergamot is extensively grown as an [[ornamental plant]] both within and outside its native range; it is [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] further west in the [[United States]] and also in parts of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. It grows best in full sun, but tolerates light shade and will thrive in any moist soil that is well-drained. Several [[cultivar]]s have been selected for different flower color, ranging from white through pink to dark red and purple.
+
Scarlet colored: 'Adam'
 +
Pink colored: 'Croftway Pink', 'Granite Pink', 'Marshall's Delight', 'Snow White'
 +
Dark red colored: 'Mahogany', 'Cambridge Scarlet'
 +
'Violet Queen'
   −
The name ''Oswego Tea'' comes from the [[Iroquois|Oswego]] Indians who taught the immigrants how to use it for [[tea]] after the [[Boston tea party]] in [[1773]]. The flowers and leaves are good ingredients for [[potpourri]] making.
+
==Gallery==
 +
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
   −
Note that the bergamot herb is ''not'' the source of bergamot oil, used to flavor [[Earl Grey tea]]; that comes from the [[bergamot orange]], a [[Mediterranean]] [[citrus]] [[fruit]].
+
<gallery>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 +
Image:Bee_balm.jpg|Monarda didyma
 +
</gallery>
   −
==References==  
+
==References==
−
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24535 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Monarda didyma'']
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
−
*[http://www.missouriplants.com/Redopp/Monarda_didyma_page.html Missouri Plants: ''Monarda didyma'']
+
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
−
*[http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_oswego_tea.htm Oswego tea]
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
−
* {{cite book | author=[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]] | title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]] | year=[[2005]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
  −
* {{cite book | author=[[Alfred Pink|Pink, A.]] | title=[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11892 Gardening for the Million.] | year=[[2004]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
  −
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MODI USDA Plants Profile: ''Monarda didyma'']
     −
{{wikiversity-bc|Monarda didyma}}
+
==External links==
−
[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
+
*{{wplink}}
−
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
+
 
−
[[Category:Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains]]
+
{{stub}}
 +
[[Category:Categorize]]
 +
 
 +
<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/27398"