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Chaenomeles (Greek chainein, to gape, to split, and melea, apple: the fruit was supposed by Thunberg to split into five valves). Rosaceae, subfamily Pomeae. Woody plants, grown chiefly for their handsome brightly colored flowers appearing early in spring; formerly commonly included in Cydonia.

Chaenomeles (Greek chainein, to gape, to split, and melea, apple: the fruit was supposed by Thunberg to split into five valves). Rosaceae, subfamily Pomeae. Woody plants, grown chiefly for their handsome brightly colored flowers appearing early in spring; formerly commonly included in Cydonia.

Shrubs or small trees, sometimes spiny: lvs. sub- persistent or deciduous, alternate, short-petioled, serrate: fls. solitary or fascicled, before or after the lvs., sometimes partly staminate; calyx-lobes entire or serrate; petals 5; stamens numerous: styles 5, connate at the base: fr. 5-celled, each cell with many seeds.—Four species in China and Japan.

Shrubs or small trees, sometimes spiny: lvs. sub- persistent or deciduous, alternate, short-petioled, serrate: fls. solitary or fascicled, before or after the lvs., sometimes partly staminate; calyx-lobes entire or serrate; petals 5; stamens numerous: styles 5, connate at the base: fr. 5-celled, each cell with many seeds.—Four species in China and Japan.

These are ornamental plants, nearly hardy North except C. sinensis, which can be grown only South. C. japonica and C. Maulei, with handsome glossy foliage and abundant flowers in early spring, varying in all shades from pure white to deep scarlet, are highly decorative, and especially adapted for borders of shrubberies and for low ornamental hedges. The fruit of all species can be made into conserves. They thrive in almost any soil, but require sunny position to bloom abundantly. Propagated by seeds, usually stratified and sown in spring: also readily increased by root- cuttings made in fall or early spring, and rarer kinds or less vigorous-growing varieties are grafted in the greenhouse in early spring, on stock of the Japanese or common quince; they grow also from cuttings of half-ripened or nearly mature wood, under glass, and from layers.

These are ornamental plants, nearly hardy North except C. sinensis, which can be grown only South. C. japonica and C. Maulei, with handsome glossy foliage and abundant flowers in early spring, varying in all shades from pure white to deep scarlet, are highly decorative, and especially adapted for borders of shrubberies and for low ornamental hedges. The fruit of all species can be made into conserves. They thrive in almost any soil, but require sunny position to bloom abundantly. Propagated by seeds, usually stratified and sown in spring: also readily increased by root- cuttings made in fall or early spring, and rarer kinds or less vigorous-growing varieties are grafted in the greenhouse in early spring, on stock of the Japanese or common quince; they grow also from cuttings of half-ripened or nearly mature wood, under glass, and from layers.{{SCH}}

 

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'''''Chaenomeles''''' is a [[genus]] of three species of [[deciduous]] spiny [[shrub]]s, usually 1–3 m tall, in the family [[Rosaceae]]. They are native to eastern [[Asia]] in [[Japan]], [[China]] and [[Korea]]. These plants are related to the [[Quince]] (''Cydonia oblonga'') and the [[Chinese Quince]] (''Pseudocydonia sinensis''), differing in the serrated [[Leaf|leaves]], and in the [[flower]]s having deciduous [[sepal]]s and styles that are connate at the base.

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The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and have a serrated margin. The flowers are 3–4.5&nbsp;cm diameter, with five [[petal]]s, and are usually bright orange-red, but can be white or pink; flowering is in late winter or early spring. The [[fruit]] is a [[pome]] with five carpels; it ripens in late autumn.

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''Chaenomeles'' is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Brown-tail]] and the leaf-miner ''[[Bucculatricidae|Bucculatrix pomifoliella]]''.

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==Common names==

==Species==

Gardeners in the [[Western world|West]] often refer to these species as "flowering quince" (although all quince have flowers). In the 19th and 20th centuries the name "japonica" was widely used (although, since ''japonica'' is a [[Binary name|specific epithet]] which is shared by many other plants, this common name is particularly unhelpful). Originally used to refer to ''C. japonica'', the latter common name was (and still is) often loosely applied to ''Chaenomeles'', regardless of their species. The most commonly cultivated chaenomeles referred to as "japonica" are actually the hybrid ''C. × superba'' and ''C. speciosa'', not ''C. japonica''.

''[[Chaenomeles cathayensis]]''<br/>

''[[Chaenomeles japonica]]''<br/>

''[[Chaenomeles speciosa]]''

''C. cathayensis'' is native to western China and has the largest fruit of the genus, [[pear]]-shaped, 10–15&nbsp;cm long and 6–9&nbsp;cm wide. The flowers are usually white or pink. The leaves are 7–14&nbsp;cm long.

''C. cathayensis'' is native to western China and has the largest fruit of the genus, [[pear]]-shaped, 10–15&nbsp;cm long and 6–9&nbsp;cm wide. The flowers are usually white or pink. The leaves are 7–14&nbsp;cm long.

Four named [[hybrid]]s have been bred in gardens. The commonest is ''C. × superba'' (hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. japonica''), while ''C. × vilmoriniana'' is a hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. cathayensis'', and ''C. × clarkiana'' is a hybrid ''C. japonica'' × ''C. cathayensis''. The hybrid ''C. × californica'' is a tri-species hybrid (''C. × superba'' × ''C. cathayensis''). Numerous named [[cultivar]]s of all of these hybrids are available in the [[horticulture|horticultural]] trade.

Four named [[hybrid]]s have been bred in gardens. The commonest is ''C. × superba'' (hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. japonica''), while ''C. × vilmoriniana'' is a hybrid ''C. speciosa'' × ''C. cathayensis'', and ''C. × clarkiana'' is a hybrid ''C. japonica'' × ''C. cathayensis''. The hybrid ''C. × californica'' is a tri-species hybrid (''C. × superba'' × ''C. cathayensis''). Numerous named [[cultivar]]s of all of these hybrids are available in the [[horticulture|horticultural]] trade.

===Uses===

==Gallery==

 

[[Image:ChaenomelesFruit02floweringquince02.jpg|left|thumb|''Chaenomeles'' sp. bisected fruit, probably ''C. speciosa'' or cultivar]]

[[Image:ChaenomelesFruit02floweringquince02.jpg|left|thumb|''Chaenomeles'' sp. bisected fruit, probably ''C. speciosa'' or cultivar]]

The species have become a popular [[ornamental plant|ornamental shrubs]] in parts of [[Europe]] and [[North America]], grown in [[garden]]s for their bright flowers. Some [[cultivar]]s grow up to 2&nbsp;m tall, but others are much smaller and creeping.  

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They are also suitable for cultivation as a [[bonsai]].

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Chaenomeles+speciosa ''Chaenomeles speciosa'']

[[Category:Categorize]]

*[http://www.arhomeandgarden.org/plantoftheweek/articles/japonica.htm University of Arkansas: Flowering Quince or Japonica]

[[Category:Maloideae]]

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