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Cistus (ancient Greek name). Cistaceae. Rock Rose. Low shrubs grown for their red or white hairy flowers.
Plants usually with villous and glandular tomentum, aromatic: lvs. opposite, mostly persistent, entire, the opposite petioles connate at the base: fls. large, in terminal and axillary cymes at the end of the branches, rarely solitary, white to purple; sepals 3 or 5; petals 5; stamens numerous; style elongated or short with a large 5-10-lobed stigma: caps. many-seeded, splitting into 5 valves.—About 20 species in the Medit. region and many natural and garden hybrids. Monograph by Grosser in Engler, Pflanzenreich, hft. 14, pp. 10-32 (1903) and an illustrated monograph by R. Sweet, Cistineae (1825-30) quoted below as S.C.
The cistuses are ornamental free-flowering shrubs, usually only a few feet high, with very showy purple or white flowers similar to a small single rose, appearing in early summer. They are hardy only in warmer temperate regions, but many of them will stand 10° of frost without injury, and C. laurifolius and C. villosus var. tauricus even more. They thrive best in a well- drained light soil, mostly preferring limestone soil, and in a sunny position; the dwarfer species are well adapted for rockeries with southern aspect. They do not bear transplanting well, and should be grown in pots until planted out. Some species yield ladanum, a resin used in perfumery. Propagated by seeds sown in spring in pans or boxes and the young seedlings shaded; increased also by layers and cuttings in spring or late summer, inserted in sandy peat under glass. In the Old World, the cistuses are important garden plants, but they are little known in America.
C. algarvensis, Sims=Helianthemum ocymoides.—C. candidissimus. Dun.; S.C. 3=C. symphytifolius, var.—C. canescens, Sweet (C. villosus var. canescens, Nichols. C. albidus x C. villosus). Lvs. short-petioled, narrow-oblong or lanceolate, 3-nerved, obtuse, undulate: fls. dark purple. Of garden origin. S.C. 45.—C. Clusii, Dun.=C. rosmarinifolius.—C. corbariensis Pourr. (C. populifolius x C. salvifolius). To 5 ft.: lvs. slightly cordate, glutinous: fls. 1- 5, white, 1½ in. S.C. 8.—C. florentinus. Lam. (C. monspeliensis X C. salvifolius). Dwarf: lvs. lanceolate: fls. white, 2 in. S.C. 59. G. 11:183; 14:241. G.M. 32:277; 31:587. Gn. 27:570; 38, p. 177; 53. p. 130, 134; 75, p. 422. F.S.R. 2, p. 43.—C. formosus, Curt.= Helianthemum formosum.—C. glaucus, Pourr. (C. Ledon, Lam. C. laurifolius X C. monspeliensis). 1-2 ft.: lvs. lanceolate, glossy above: fls. 5-10, white, 1½ in. S. France.—C. hirsutus, Lam. 1-3 ft., clothed with spreading and glandular hairs: lvs. sessile, lanceolate: fls. 1-5, white. S.W. Eu. S.C. 19.—C. latifolius. Sweet, S.C. 15=C. populifolius var.—C. laxus, Ait.=C. nigricans.—C. Ledon, Lam.—C. glaucus.—C. longifolius, Lam.=C. nigricans.— C. Loretii, Rouy A Fouc. (C. ladaniferus X C. monspeliensis). Habit like C. monspeliensis: lvs. linear-lanceolate, revolute, grayish beneath, glutinous: fls. 1-5, white, 2 in. across. Of garden origin; also found spontaneous. Var. maculatus, Rouy & Fouc. Fls. with 5 dark red blotches. Gn. 75, p. 633; 76, p. 439.—C. monspeliensis. Linn. To 5 ft.: lvs. sessile, lanceolate: fls. white, cymose, 1 in. S. Eu. S.C. 27.—C. nigricans, Pourr. (C. longifolius. Lam. C. laxus, Ait. C. monspeliensis X C. populifolius). – 2-4 ft., glandular: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, glossy above: fls. white, 1½ in. S. W. Eu. S.C. 12. Variable.—C. oblongifolius, Sweet; S.C. 67=C. nigricans var.—C. obtusifolius. Sweet, S.C. 42=C. nigricans var. —C. rosmarinifolius, Pourr. (C. Clusii, Dun.) Allied to C. ladaniferus. Lvs. linear, strongly revolute at the margin, viscid above while young, tomentose beneath: fls. 4-6, white, 1-1⅓ in. across. W. Medit. region. S.C. 32. G.M. 31:587; 32:277.—C. symphytifolius, Lam. (C. vaginatus, Dry. Rhodocistus Berthelotianus, Spach). To 2 ft.: lvs. petioled, ovate, acuminate: fls. cymose, deep rose-colored, yellow in center. Canary Isls. S.C. 9. B.R. 3:225. F.S. 15:1501.—C. vaginatus, Dry.=C. symphytifolius. Alfred Rehder.
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