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Filbert. One of the group of nuts produced by species of Corylus. The nuts of Corylus are variously grouped or classified; those are usually known as filberts that are provided with a tubular husk much longer than the nut itself; as cobs, if the husk is little or not at all longer than the nut; and as hazels if the husk is much shorter than the nut. The filbert nuts are usually oblong in shape; the cobs roundish and angular; and the hazels rather small, roundish and thick-shelled. These are derived from different species and hybrids of Corylus (which see) of the Old World; and these vernacular names do not seem to be very definitely or accurately used. The name filbert is of disputed origin; the idea that it comes from "full-beard," in allusion to the long husk, is undoubtedly erroneous.
Filberts are grown in many parts of Europe, and they are exported to America in large quantities. Many attempts have been made to grow them in this country but without success owing, apparently, to lack of hardiness, to fungus disease, and to the want of varieties bred for American conditions. Probably some of the failure is due to lack of discrimination in soils and to unskilled methods of growing. See Hazel-nut. L. H. B.
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