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Allium (view source)

Revision as of 22:40, 14 August 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Allium''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Alliumvineale1web.jpg
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Crow Garlic (''Allium vineale'') flowerhead, showing sprouting bulbils
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Alliaceae
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| subfamilia = Allioideae
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| tribus = Allieae
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| genus = Allium
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Allium (ancient Latin name of garlic). Liliaceae. Bulbous plants, mostly cultivated in the open, but a few of them grown under glass as florist's flowers; and comprising also the onions and their allies.
 
Allium (ancient Latin name of garlic). Liliaceae. Bulbous plants, mostly cultivated in the open, but a few of them grown under glass as florist's flowers; and comprising also the onions and their allies.
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Cusickii. 23. Porrum, 6. validum, 17.
 
Cusickii. 23. Porrum, 6. validum, 17.
 
Ellisii, 13. reticulatum, 19. victorialis, 8.
 
Ellisii, 13. reticulatum, 19. victorialis, 8.
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falcifolium, 32. roseum, 11.
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falcifolium, 32. roseum, 11.
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{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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==Cultivation==
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| name = ''Allium''
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| image = Alliumvineale1web.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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===Propagation===
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| image_caption = Crow Garlic (''Allium vineale'') flowerhead, showing sprouting bulbils
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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===Pests and diseases===
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| familia = [[Alliaceae]]
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==Species==
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| subfamilia = Allioideae
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Some important species{{SCH}}:<br>
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| tribus = Allieae
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| genus = '''''Allium'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =  
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Some important species:<br>
   
''[[Allium acuminatum]]'' - tapertip onion<br>
 
''[[Allium acuminatum]]'' - tapertip onion<br>
 
''[[Allium ampeloprasum]]''<br>
 
''[[Allium ampeloprasum]]''<br>
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''[[Allium ursinum]]'' - wild garlic, ramsons<br>
 
''[[Allium ursinum]]'' - wild garlic, ramsons<br>
 
''[[Allium vineale]]'' - crow garlic<br>
 
''[[Allium vineale]]'' - crow garlic<br>
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'''See [[List of Allium species|full list]].'''<br>
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'''See [[List of Allium species|full list]].'''
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}}
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'''''Allium''''' is the [[onion]] [[genus]], with about 1250 [[species]], making it one of the largest plant genera in the world. They are [[perennial plant|perennial]] bulbous plants that produce chemical compounds that give them a characteristic onion or garlic taste and odor, and many are used as food plants. ''Allium'' is classified in family [[Alliaceae]] although some classifications have included it in the [[lily]] family ([[Liliaceae]]).
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''Allium'' species occur in [[temperate climate]]s of the [[northern hemisphere]], except for a few species occurring in Chile (as ''Allium juncifolium''),  Brazil (''Allium sellovianum'') or tropical Africa (''Allium spathaceum''). They can vary in height between 5&nbsp;cm and 150&nbsp;cm. The [[flower]]s form an [[umbel]] at the top of a leafless stalk. The [[bulb]]s vary in size between species, from very small (around 2&ndash;3&nbsp;mm in diameter) to rather big (8&ndash;10&nbsp;cm). Some species (such as Welsh onion, ''A. fistulosum'') develop thickened leaf-bases rather than forming bulbs as such.
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Most bulbous alliums increase by forming little bulbs or "offsets" around the old one, as well as by [[seed]]. Several species can form many [[Bulb#Bulbil|bulbils]] (tiny bulbs) in the flowerhead; in the so-called "[[tree onion]]" (''A. cepa'' Proliferum Group) the bulbils are few, but large enough to be used for [[pickling]].
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Members of the genus include many valued [[vegetable]]s such as [[onion]]s, [[shallots]], [[Leek (vegetable)|leeks]] and [[herb]]s such as [[garlic]] and [[chives]]. A strong "oniony" odor is characteristic of the whole genus, but not all members are equally flavorful.
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[[Image:Allium giganteum1.jpg|left|150px|thumb|''A. giganteum'']]
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Some ''Allium'' species, including ''A. cristophii'' and ''A. giganteum'', are used as [[herbaceous border|border]] plants for their flowers, and their "architectural" qualities. Several [[hybrid]]s have been bred, or selected, with rich purple flowers. ''Allium hollandicum'' 'Purple Sensation' is one of the most popular and has been given an [[Award of Garden Merit]] (H4). By contrast, other species (such as the invasive ''Allium triquetrum'') can become troublesome garden [[weed]]s.
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Various ''Allium'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] inclu
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==Gallery==
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ding [[Cabbage Moth]], [[Common Swift (moth)|Common Swift]] moth (recorded on garlic), [[Garden Dart]] moth, [[Large Yellow Underwing]] moth, [[Nutmeg (moth)|Nutmeg]] moth, [[Setaceous Hebrew Character]] moth, [[Turnip Moth]] and ''[[Schinia|Schinia rosea]]'', a moth which feeds exclusively on ''Allium spp''.
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
    
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Allium giganteum1.jpg|''A. giganteum''
 
Image:Nodding.jpg|Nodding Wild Onion (''Allium cernuum'')
 
Image:Nodding.jpg|Nodding Wild Onion (''Allium cernuum'')
 
Image:Leeks.JPG|Leeks (''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''porrum'')
 
Image:Leeks.JPG|Leeks (''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''porrum'')
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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== External links ==
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==References==
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{{commonscat|Allium}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Asparagales]]
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