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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Epidendroid orchids
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = '''Epidendroideae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
The '''Epidendroideae''', or epidendroid [[orchid]]s, are a [[subfamily]] of the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]).
The former subfamily [[Vandoideae]] has become a specialised [[cladistics|clade]] within a more broadly defined Epidendroideae.
This is the largest subfamily, larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together. It comprises more than 15,000 [[species]] in 576 genera.
Most are tropical [[epiphyte]]s (usually with [[pseudobulb]]s), but some are [[terrestrial plant |terrestrial]]s and even a few [[myco-heterotrophs]], which are [[parasitic]] upon [[mycorrhizal]] [[fungi]].
They typically contain the remaining orchids with a single, fertile [[anther]] ( = monandrous), which is also fully incumbent(= strongly convex) to suberect (= ascending towards the edges). The anther form arises from [[column (botany)|column]] elongation or, as in the vandoids, from early anther bending. The incumbent anther forms a right angle with the column axis or is pointed backward in many genera.
Most have hard [[pollinium|pollinia]], i.e. a mass of waxy [[pollen]] or of coherent pollen grains. The pollinia are with [[caudicle]] and [[viscidium]] or without.
The [[carpel|stigma]] are entire or 3-lobed; a [[rostellum|beak]] is present. The apical part of the muiddle stigma lobe forms a [[stipe (botany)|stipe]] ( = pollinium stalk).
The [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] is 1-locular.
The [[Leaf|leaves]] are distichous or spiraling, growing on thickened [[Plant stem|stems]].
The Epidendroideae are difficult to classify. They have been divided in “lower epidendroids” and “higher epidendroids”.
The lower epidendroids are [[paraphyletic]] and contain the following tribes:
* [[Sobralliinae]]
* [[Neottieae]]
* [[Palmorchideae]]
* [[Tropidieae]]
* [[Diceratostelae]]
* [[Triphoreae]]
* [[Nervilieae]]
* [[Gastrodieae]] (achlorophyllous)
* and the anomalous genus [[Xerorchis]]
The higher epidendroids are partly [[monophyletic]] and partly [[polyphyletic]] (tribes [[Arethuseae]] and [[Epidendreae]]).
* [[Maxillarieae]]
* [[Cymbidieae]]
* [[Vandeae]]
* [[Epidendreae]] II
* [[Calypsoeae]] (problematic, difficult to classify)
* [[Dendrobieae]]
* [[Malaxideae]]
* [[Podochileae]]
* [[Epidendreae]] I
* [[Arethuseae]]
* [[Coelogyneae]]
This classification has a rather ephemeral nature. Changes are likely to occur as new data become known.
==External links==
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/86/2/208 A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae - evidence from ''rbcL'' nucleotide sequences]
*[http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/orchidatol/pd/orchidATOLpd.htm Orchid Tree : a phylogeny of epiphytes on the tree of life]
[[Category:Orchids]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Epidendroid orchids
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = '''Epidendroideae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
The '''Epidendroideae''', or epidendroid [[orchid]]s, are a [[subfamily]] of the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]).
The former subfamily [[Vandoideae]] has become a specialised [[cladistics|clade]] within a more broadly defined Epidendroideae.
This is the largest subfamily, larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together. It comprises more than 15,000 [[species]] in 576 genera.
Most are tropical [[epiphyte]]s (usually with [[pseudobulb]]s), but some are [[terrestrial plant |terrestrial]]s and even a few [[myco-heterotrophs]], which are [[parasitic]] upon [[mycorrhizal]] [[fungi]].
They typically contain the remaining orchids with a single, fertile [[anther]] ( = monandrous), which is also fully incumbent(= strongly convex) to suberect (= ascending towards the edges). The anther form arises from [[column (botany)|column]] elongation or, as in the vandoids, from early anther bending. The incumbent anther forms a right angle with the column axis or is pointed backward in many genera.
Most have hard [[pollinium|pollinia]], i.e. a mass of waxy [[pollen]] or of coherent pollen grains. The pollinia are with [[caudicle]] and [[viscidium]] or without.
The [[carpel|stigma]] are entire or 3-lobed; a [[rostellum|beak]] is present. The apical part of the muiddle stigma lobe forms a [[stipe (botany)|stipe]] ( = pollinium stalk).
The [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] is 1-locular.
The [[Leaf|leaves]] are distichous or spiraling, growing on thickened [[Plant stem|stems]].
The Epidendroideae are difficult to classify. They have been divided in “lower epidendroids” and “higher epidendroids”.
The lower epidendroids are [[paraphyletic]] and contain the following tribes:
* [[Sobralliinae]]
* [[Neottieae]]
* [[Palmorchideae]]
* [[Tropidieae]]
* [[Diceratostelae]]
* [[Triphoreae]]
* [[Nervilieae]]
* [[Gastrodieae]] (achlorophyllous)
* and the anomalous genus [[Xerorchis]]
The higher epidendroids are partly [[monophyletic]] and partly [[polyphyletic]] (tribes [[Arethuseae]] and [[Epidendreae]]).
* [[Maxillarieae]]
* [[Cymbidieae]]
* [[Vandeae]]
* [[Epidendreae]] II
* [[Calypsoeae]] (problematic, difficult to classify)
* [[Dendrobieae]]
* [[Malaxideae]]
* [[Podochileae]]
* [[Epidendreae]] I
* [[Arethuseae]]
* [[Coelogyneae]]
This classification has a rather ephemeral nature. Changes are likely to occur as new data become known.
==External links==
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/86/2/208 A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae - evidence from ''rbcL'' nucleotide sequences]
*[http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/orchidatol/pd/orchidATOLpd.htm Orchid Tree : a phylogeny of epiphytes on the tree of life]
[[Category:Orchids]]