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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Brassia
| image = Brassia arcuigera.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Brassia arcuigera]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| tribus = [[Cymbidieae]]
| subtribus = [[Oncidiinae]]
| genus = '''''Brassia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown|R.Br.]], 1813
| type_species = ''Brassia maculata''
| type_species_authority = [[Robert Brown|R.Br.]] in W.T.Aiton (1813)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text
}}
'''''Brassia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[orchid]]s classified in the ''[[Oncidiinae]]'' subtribe.
The genus was named after [[William Brass]], a British botanist and illustrator, who collected plants in Africa under the supervision of Sir [[Joseph Banks]]. Its abbreviation in the horticultural trade is Brs.
==Description==
''Brassia'' [[species]] and its popular [[hybrid]]s are common in cultivation, and are notable for the characteristic long and spreading [[tepal]]s (in some clones longer than 50 cm), which lend them the common name "spider orchid".
This [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] genus occurs in South Florida, the West-Indies and tropical America, in wet forests from sea level to altitudes under 1500 m, with the Peruvian [[Andes]] as its center. Occurrence is mostly restricted to a certain area, but ''Brassia caudata'' can be found over the whole geographic area.
They have large elliptic-oblong [[pseudobulb]]s with one or two leaves at the apex, lateral, unbranched many-flowered [[inflorescence]]s with small floral [[bract]]s. The [[labellum|lip]] is not attached to the column. The [[pollinarium]] shows a narrow stipe. There are two distichous, foliaceous [[sheath]]s around the base, from which the inflorescence emerges.
''Brassia'' has a very specific method for pollination : it uses entomophily : [[pollination]] by insects and in this case specifically by female spider-hunter wasps of the
genera ''[[Pepsis]]'' and ''[[Campsomeris]]''. Mistaken by the [[mimicry]] of ''Brassia'', the wasp stings the [[labellum|lip]], while trying to grasp its prey without any success. By these movements the wasp comes into contact with the pollinarium, that then sticks to its head. By flying to another ''Brassia'' flower, this flower gets pollinated.
==Species==
* ''[[Brassia angustilabia]]'' Schltr. (1925)
* ''[[Brassia antherotes]]'' Rchb.f. (1879)
* ''[[Brassia arachnoidea]]'' Barb.Rodr. (1877)
* ''[[Brassia arcuigera]]'' Rchb.f. (1869) : Arching Brassia
* ''[[Brassia aurorae]]'' D.E.Benn. (1992) : Reddish Brassia
* ''[[Brassia bidens]]'' Lindl. (1844) : Two-toothed Brassia
* ''[[Brassia boliviensis]]'' Schltr. (1913)
* ''[[Brassia caudata]]'' (L.) Lindl. (1825) : Tailed Brassia
* ''[[Brassia cauliformis]]'' C.Schweinf. (1946)
* ''[[Brassia chloroleuca]]'' Barb.Rodr. (1877) : Green-and-white Brassia
* ''[[Brassia cochleata]]'' Knowles & Westc. (1838)
* ''[[Brassia cyrtopetala]]'' Schltr. (1912)
* ''[[Brassia filomenoi]]'' Schltr. (1921)
* ''[[Brassia gireoudiana]]'' Rchb.f. & Warsz. (1854) : Gireoud's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia helenae]]'' Rchb. ex Linden (1881)
* ''[[Brassia huebneri]]'' Schltr. (1925)
* ''[[Brassia iguapoana]]'' Schltr. (1925)
* ''[[Brassia jipijapensis]]'' Dodson & N.H.Williams (1980) : Jipijapa Brassia
* ''[[Brassia josstiana]]'' Rchb.f. in E.A.von Regel (1854)
* ''[[Brassia koehlerorum]]'' Schltr. (1921) : Koehler's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia lanceana]]'' Lindl. (1835) : Lance's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia maculata]]'' R.Br. in W.T.Aiton (1813) (type species) : Spotted Brassia
* ''[[Brassia neglecta]]'' Rchb.f. (1856) : Overlooked Brassia
* ''[[Brassia pascoensis]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001)
* ''[[Brassia peruviana]]'' Poepp. & Endl. (1836) : Peru Brassia
* ''[[Brassia rhizomatosa]]'' Garay & Dunst. (1965)
* ''[[Brassia signata]]'' Rchb.f. (1881) : Marked Brassia
* ''[[Brassia suavissima]]'' Pupulin & Bogarín (2005)
* ''[[Brassia thyrsodes]]'' Rchb.f. (1868)
* ''[[Brassia transamazonica]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001)
* ''[[Brassia verrucosa]]'' Bateman ex Lindl. (1840) (subspecies of ''Brassia gireoudiana'', according to Robert L. Dressler and N.H. Williams- 2003): Warty Brassia
* ''[[Brassia villosa]]'' Lindl. (1854)
* ''[[Brassia wageneri]]'' Rchb.f. (1854) : Wagener's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia warszewiczii]]'' Rchb.f. (1852) : Warscewicz's Brassia
==Intergeneric hybrids==
* x''Alexanderara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Aliceara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Bakerara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Banfieldara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Beallara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Brapasia'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'')
* x''Brassada'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'')
* x''Brassidium'' (''Brassia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Brassioda'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'')
* x''Brassochilus'' (''Brassia'' x ''Leochilus'')
* x''Brilliandeara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Crawshayara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Degarmoara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Derosaara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Duggerara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'')
* x''Eliara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Epidendrum'' x ''Laelia'' x ''Sophronitis'')
* x''Forgetara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'')
* x''Goodaleara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Hamiltonara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Johnkellyara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Leochilus'' x ''Oncidium'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Maclellanara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Miltassia'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'')
* x''Norwoodara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Odontobrassia'' (''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Pettitara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Roccaforteara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Rodrassia'' (''Brassia'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Rohriara'' (''Ada'' x ''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'')
* x''Sanderara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Sauledaara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Schafferara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Shiveara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Wingfieldara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Brassia-girouldiana.jpg|''Brassia girouldiana''
Image:Brassia-maculata.jpg|''Brassia maculata''
</gallery>
==References==
* Pupulin, F. and Bogarin, D.: The genus Brassia in Costa Rica : A survey of four species and a new species ; Lindleyana, March 2005 - - On line [http://aos.org/aos/uploadedFiles/docs/LindleyanaMar05.pdf]
* Dressler, R.L., and N.H. Williams. 2003. ''New combinations in Mesoamerican Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae)''. Selbyana 24(1):44–45.
* van der Pijl, L., and C.H. Dodson. 1966. ''Orchid Flowers: Their Pollination and Evolution.'' University of Miami Press, Coral Gables.
==See also==
*[[Orchidaceae]]
*[[Taxonomy of the Orchid family]]
{{Commons|Brassia}}
<hr>
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Brassia
| image = Brassia arcuigera.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Brassia arcuigera]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| tribus = [[Cymbidieae]]
| subtribus = [[Oncidiinae]]
| genus = '''''Brassia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown|R.Br.]], 1813
| type_species = ''Brassia maculata''
| type_species_authority = [[Robert Brown|R.Br.]] in W.T.Aiton (1813)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text
}}
'''''Brassia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[orchid]]s classified in the ''[[Oncidiinae]]'' subtribe.
The genus was named after [[William Brass]], a British botanist and illustrator, who collected plants in Africa under the supervision of Sir [[Joseph Banks]]. Its abbreviation in the horticultural trade is Brs.
==Description==
''Brassia'' [[species]] and its popular [[hybrid]]s are common in cultivation, and are notable for the characteristic long and spreading [[tepal]]s (in some clones longer than 50 cm), which lend them the common name "spider orchid".
This [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] genus occurs in South Florida, the West-Indies and tropical America, in wet forests from sea level to altitudes under 1500 m, with the Peruvian [[Andes]] as its center. Occurrence is mostly restricted to a certain area, but ''Brassia caudata'' can be found over the whole geographic area.
They have large elliptic-oblong [[pseudobulb]]s with one or two leaves at the apex, lateral, unbranched many-flowered [[inflorescence]]s with small floral [[bract]]s. The [[labellum|lip]] is not attached to the column. The [[pollinarium]] shows a narrow stipe. There are two distichous, foliaceous [[sheath]]s around the base, from which the inflorescence emerges.
''Brassia'' has a very specific method for pollination : it uses entomophily : [[pollination]] by insects and in this case specifically by female spider-hunter wasps of the
genera ''[[Pepsis]]'' and ''[[Campsomeris]]''. Mistaken by the [[mimicry]] of ''Brassia'', the wasp stings the [[labellum|lip]], while trying to grasp its prey without any success. By these movements the wasp comes into contact with the pollinarium, that then sticks to its head. By flying to another ''Brassia'' flower, this flower gets pollinated.
==Species==
* ''[[Brassia angustilabia]]'' Schltr. (1925)
* ''[[Brassia antherotes]]'' Rchb.f. (1879)
* ''[[Brassia arachnoidea]]'' Barb.Rodr. (1877)
* ''[[Brassia arcuigera]]'' Rchb.f. (1869) : Arching Brassia
* ''[[Brassia aurorae]]'' D.E.Benn. (1992) : Reddish Brassia
* ''[[Brassia bidens]]'' Lindl. (1844) : Two-toothed Brassia
* ''[[Brassia boliviensis]]'' Schltr. (1913)
* ''[[Brassia caudata]]'' (L.) Lindl. (1825) : Tailed Brassia
* ''[[Brassia cauliformis]]'' C.Schweinf. (1946)
* ''[[Brassia chloroleuca]]'' Barb.Rodr. (1877) : Green-and-white Brassia
* ''[[Brassia cochleata]]'' Knowles & Westc. (1838)
* ''[[Brassia cyrtopetala]]'' Schltr. (1912)
* ''[[Brassia filomenoi]]'' Schltr. (1921)
* ''[[Brassia gireoudiana]]'' Rchb.f. & Warsz. (1854) : Gireoud's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia helenae]]'' Rchb. ex Linden (1881)
* ''[[Brassia huebneri]]'' Schltr. (1925)
* ''[[Brassia iguapoana]]'' Schltr. (1925)
* ''[[Brassia jipijapensis]]'' Dodson & N.H.Williams (1980) : Jipijapa Brassia
* ''[[Brassia josstiana]]'' Rchb.f. in E.A.von Regel (1854)
* ''[[Brassia koehlerorum]]'' Schltr. (1921) : Koehler's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia lanceana]]'' Lindl. (1835) : Lance's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia maculata]]'' R.Br. in W.T.Aiton (1813) (type species) : Spotted Brassia
* ''[[Brassia neglecta]]'' Rchb.f. (1856) : Overlooked Brassia
* ''[[Brassia pascoensis]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001)
* ''[[Brassia peruviana]]'' Poepp. & Endl. (1836) : Peru Brassia
* ''[[Brassia rhizomatosa]]'' Garay & Dunst. (1965)
* ''[[Brassia signata]]'' Rchb.f. (1881) : Marked Brassia
* ''[[Brassia suavissima]]'' Pupulin & Bogarín (2005)
* ''[[Brassia thyrsodes]]'' Rchb.f. (1868)
* ''[[Brassia transamazonica]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001)
* ''[[Brassia verrucosa]]'' Bateman ex Lindl. (1840) (subspecies of ''Brassia gireoudiana'', according to Robert L. Dressler and N.H. Williams- 2003): Warty Brassia
* ''[[Brassia villosa]]'' Lindl. (1854)
* ''[[Brassia wageneri]]'' Rchb.f. (1854) : Wagener's Brassia
* ''[[Brassia warszewiczii]]'' Rchb.f. (1852) : Warscewicz's Brassia
==Intergeneric hybrids==
* x''Alexanderara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Aliceara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Bakerara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Banfieldara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Beallara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Brapasia'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'')
* x''Brassada'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'')
* x''Brassidium'' (''Brassia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Brassioda'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'')
* x''Brassochilus'' (''Brassia'' x ''Leochilus'')
* x''Brilliandeara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Crawshayara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Degarmoara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Derosaara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Duggerara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'')
* x''Eliara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Epidendrum'' x ''Laelia'' x ''Sophronitis'')
* x''Forgetara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'')
* x''Goodaleara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Hamiltonara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'' )
* x''Johnkellyara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Leochilus'' x ''Oncidium'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Maclellanara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Miltassia'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'')
* x''Norwoodara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Odontobrassia'' (''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Pettitara'' (''Ada'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Roccaforteara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Rodrassia'' (''Brassia'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Rohriara'' (''Ada'' x ''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'')
* x''Sanderara'' (''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Sauledaara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Oncidium'' x ''Rodriguezia'')
* x''Schafferara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Cochlioda'' x ''Miltonia'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
* x''Shiveara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'' x ''Oncidium'')
* x''Wingfieldara'' (''Aspasia'' x ''Brassia'' x ''Odontoglossum'')
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Brassia-girouldiana.jpg|''Brassia girouldiana''
Image:Brassia-maculata.jpg|''Brassia maculata''
</gallery>
==References==
* Pupulin, F. and Bogarin, D.: The genus Brassia in Costa Rica : A survey of four species and a new species ; Lindleyana, March 2005 - - On line [http://aos.org/aos/uploadedFiles/docs/LindleyanaMar05.pdf]
* Dressler, R.L., and N.H. Williams. 2003. ''New combinations in Mesoamerican Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae)''. Selbyana 24(1):44–45.
* van der Pijl, L., and C.H. Dodson. 1966. ''Orchid Flowers: Their Pollination and Evolution.'' University of Miami Press, Coral Gables.
==See also==
*[[Orchidaceae]]
*[[Taxonomy of the Orchid family]]
{{Commons|Brassia}}
<hr>
[[Category:Orchid genera]]