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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Dendrobium''
| image = Dendrobium-lindleyi.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Dendrobium lindleyi''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| tribus = [[Dendrobieae]]
| subtribus = [[Dendrobiinae]]
| genus = '''''Dendrobium'''''
| genus_authority = [[Olof Swartz|Sw]], 1799
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
1190 species; <br /> see [[List of Dendrobium species]]
}}
'''''Dendrobium''''' Swartz is a large [[genus]] of tropical [[orchid]]s that consists of about 1200 [[species]]. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast [[Asia]], including the [[Philippines]], [[Borneo]], [[Australia]], [[New Guinea]] and [[New Zealand]]. The name is from the Greek ''dendron'' (meaning tree) and ''bios'' (meaning life).
The species are either [[epiphytic]], growing on a tree, or occasionally [[lithophytic]], growing over a rock. They have adapted to a wide variety of [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]], from the high altitudes in the Himalayan mountains to lowland tropical forests and even to the dry climate of the Australian desert.
The orchids in this genus often develop [[pseudobulb]]s, which unite into a long reedlike stem with a typical length of more than 30 cm. Some appear densely covered with short white hairs. The short, ovate [[Leaf|leaves]] grow alternately over the whole length of the stems. The axillary [[flower]] buds develop into short flower stalks with one or two terminal flowers. The orchids grow quickly throughout summer, but take a long rest during winter. In the spring, new shoots are formed from the base of the main plant and the dormant buds come back into action. The blooming flowers are found on pseudobulbs formed in the previous year.
Some species are in great demand by orchid lovers. This has resulted in numerous varieties and [[hybrid]]s, such as the ''Dendrobium nobile'' varieties, which have greatly extended the range of colors of the original flower from the [[Himalaya]]s.
[[Kimilsungia]], one of the national flowers of [[North Korea]], is the [[cultivar]] ''Dendrobium'' 'Kim il Sung'.
==Taxonomical Work==
In 1981, Briegar reclassified all terete leaved ''Dendrobiums'' from Australia and New Guinea into a new genus, ''[[Dockrillia]]''.
The sole [[New Zealand]] representative, ''Dendrobium cunninghamii'' has now been moved into a monotypic genus, ''[[Winika]]''.
In 1989, Clements upgraded ''D. speciosum'' complex into individual species[1].
==Species with a common name==
*''[[Dendrobium aduncum]]'' : Angelfish Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium aemulum]]'' : Ironbark Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium antennatum]]'' : Antelope Orchid (Also: Ceratobium antennatum)
*''[[Dendrobium aurantiroseum]]'' Aunty Rosie
*''[[Dendrobium beckleri]]'' : Pencil Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium canaliculatum]]'' : Teatree Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium chrysotoxum]]'' : Fried-egg Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium crassilabium]]'' P.J.Spence (Papua New Guinea.)
*''[[Dendrobium crumenatum]]'' : Dove Orchid, Pigeon Orchid, Sparrow Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium cucumerinum]]'' : Cucumber Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium cunninghamii]]'' : [[Winika]] (its [[Māori]] name)
*''[[Dendrobium cuthbertsonii]]''
*''[[Dendrobium densiflorum]]'' : Pineapple Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium discolor]]'' : Golden Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium ephemerum]]'' : Small white Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium falcarostrum]]'' : Beech Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium farinatum]]'' Schildh. & Schraut (Vietnam)
*''[[Dendrobium finisterrae]]'' Schltr. 1912 : The End of the World Orchid (Papua New Guinea)
*''[[Dendrobium gouldii]]'' (<small>light coloured</small>) : Guadalcanal Gold
*''[[Dendrobium gouldii]]'' (<small>blue form</small>) : Florida Blue
*''[[Dendrobium goldiei]]'' Rchb.f.
**''Dendrobium goldiei'' var. ''karthausianum]]'' Rolfe (Germany)
*''[[Dendrobium gracilicaule]]'' : Leopard Orchid [[Image:Dendrobium-aphyllum.jpg|thumb|right|''Dendrobium aphyllum'']]
*''[[Dendrobium hasseltii]]'' : Spinach Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium kingianum]]'' : Pink rock lily
*''[[Dendrobium kingianum]]'' : Pink Rock Orchid, Pink Rock >Lily
*''[[Dendrobium lawesii]]'' : Christmas bell Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium linguaeforme]]'' : Thumbnail Orchid, Tongue Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium macarthiae]]'' : Vesak Mala
*''[[Dendrobium macrophylum]]'' (''D. musciferum'') : The Pastor's Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium mirbelianum]]'' : Mangrove Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium monophyllum]]'' : Lily of the Valley Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium mortii]]'' : Pencil Orchid, Rattail Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium nindii]]'' : Cowslip Orchid
[[Image:Dendrobium-chrysotoxum.jpg|thumb|right|''Dendrobium chrysotoxum'']]
*''[[Dendrobium ostrinoglossum]]'' : May River Orchid, Sepik Blue Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium phalaenopsis]]'' : Cooktown Orchid (was ''Dendrobium bigibum'' var. ''phalaenopsis'')
*''[[Dendrobium pugioniforme]]'' : Dagger Orchid (from the spape of its leaves), now ''[[Dockrillia]] pugioniformis''
*''[[Dendrobium racemosum]]'' : Rat tail Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium ruppianum]]'' (fusiforme) Small Demon, Small lemon orchid
*''[[Dendrobium secundum]]'' : Toothbrush Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium senile]]'' : Old Man Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium smilliae]]'' : Bottle-brush Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium speciosum]]'' : Captain King's Dendrobium, King Orchid, Pink Rock Orchid, Rock Lily
*''[[Dendrobium striolatum]]'' : Rat tail Orchid, Streaked Rock Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium superbum]]'' : Honohono
*''[[Dendrobium taurinum]]'' : Bull Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium tenuissimum]]'' : Rattail Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium teretifolium]]'' : Bridal-veil Orchid, Pencil Orchid, Rattail Orchid (now ''[[Dockrillia]] teretifolia
*''[[Dendrobium tetragonum]]'' : Spider Orchid, Tree Spider Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium victoriae-reginae]]'' : Blue Orchid
<gallery>
Image:Cooktown orchids.jpg|Cooktown orchids ''Dendrobium bigibbum''
Image:Dendrobium-delacourii.jpg|''Dendrobium delacourii''
Image:Dendrobium-x-delicatum.jpg|''Dendrobium x delicatum'' (a natural hybrid)
Image:Dendrobium-densiflorum.jpg|''Dendrobium densiflorum''
Image:Dendrobium-densiflorum-x-fa.jpg|''Dendrobium densiflorum x farmeri'' pink (a hybrid)
Image:Dendrobium-fuerstenbergianu.jpg|''Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum''
Image:Dendrobium-hercoglossum.jpg|''Dendrobium hercoglossum''
Image:Dendrobium-kingianum.jpg|''Dendrobium kingianum''
Image:Dendrobium-Mini-Brown.jpg|''Dendrobium'' Mini Brown (a man-made hybrid)
Image:Dendrobium-nobile.jpg|''Dendrobium nobile''
Image:Dendrobium-parishii.jpg|''Dendrobium parishii''
Image:Dendrobium-unicum.jpg|''Dendrobium unicum''
Image:Dendrobium_thysiflorum.jpg
Image:Dendrobium_Orchid.jpg|Painting of a typical ''Dendrobium'', by I. V. Passmoore; probably the hybrid ''Dendrobium'' Lucky Seven
</gallery>
==References==
* [1] Clements MA (1989) Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae. Australian Orchid Research 1: 1–62.
==External links==
*[http://www.orchidelirium.com/ Open Content Orchid Directory]
*[http://www.digitalcloseups.com Orchid Picture Gallery]
{{commonscat|Dendrobium}}
[[Category:Orchids of Australia]]
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Dendrobium''
| image = Dendrobium-lindleyi.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Dendrobium lindleyi''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| tribus = [[Dendrobieae]]
| subtribus = [[Dendrobiinae]]
| genus = '''''Dendrobium'''''
| genus_authority = [[Olof Swartz|Sw]], 1799
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
1190 species; <br /> see [[List of Dendrobium species]]
}}
'''''Dendrobium''''' Swartz is a large [[genus]] of tropical [[orchid]]s that consists of about 1200 [[species]]. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast [[Asia]], including the [[Philippines]], [[Borneo]], [[Australia]], [[New Guinea]] and [[New Zealand]]. The name is from the Greek ''dendron'' (meaning tree) and ''bios'' (meaning life).
The species are either [[epiphytic]], growing on a tree, or occasionally [[lithophytic]], growing over a rock. They have adapted to a wide variety of [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]], from the high altitudes in the Himalayan mountains to lowland tropical forests and even to the dry climate of the Australian desert.
The orchids in this genus often develop [[pseudobulb]]s, which unite into a long reedlike stem with a typical length of more than 30 cm. Some appear densely covered with short white hairs. The short, ovate [[Leaf|leaves]] grow alternately over the whole length of the stems. The axillary [[flower]] buds develop into short flower stalks with one or two terminal flowers. The orchids grow quickly throughout summer, but take a long rest during winter. In the spring, new shoots are formed from the base of the main plant and the dormant buds come back into action. The blooming flowers are found on pseudobulbs formed in the previous year.
Some species are in great demand by orchid lovers. This has resulted in numerous varieties and [[hybrid]]s, such as the ''Dendrobium nobile'' varieties, which have greatly extended the range of colors of the original flower from the [[Himalaya]]s.
[[Kimilsungia]], one of the national flowers of [[North Korea]], is the [[cultivar]] ''Dendrobium'' 'Kim il Sung'.
==Taxonomical Work==
In 1981, Briegar reclassified all terete leaved ''Dendrobiums'' from Australia and New Guinea into a new genus, ''[[Dockrillia]]''.
The sole [[New Zealand]] representative, ''Dendrobium cunninghamii'' has now been moved into a monotypic genus, ''[[Winika]]''.
In 1989, Clements upgraded ''D. speciosum'' complex into individual species[1].
==Species with a common name==
*''[[Dendrobium aduncum]]'' : Angelfish Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium aemulum]]'' : Ironbark Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium antennatum]]'' : Antelope Orchid (Also: Ceratobium antennatum)
*''[[Dendrobium aurantiroseum]]'' Aunty Rosie
*''[[Dendrobium beckleri]]'' : Pencil Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium canaliculatum]]'' : Teatree Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium chrysotoxum]]'' : Fried-egg Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium crassilabium]]'' P.J.Spence (Papua New Guinea.)
*''[[Dendrobium crumenatum]]'' : Dove Orchid, Pigeon Orchid, Sparrow Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium cucumerinum]]'' : Cucumber Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium cunninghamii]]'' : [[Winika]] (its [[Māori]] name)
*''[[Dendrobium cuthbertsonii]]''
*''[[Dendrobium densiflorum]]'' : Pineapple Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium discolor]]'' : Golden Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium ephemerum]]'' : Small white Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium falcarostrum]]'' : Beech Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium farinatum]]'' Schildh. & Schraut (Vietnam)
*''[[Dendrobium finisterrae]]'' Schltr. 1912 : The End of the World Orchid (Papua New Guinea)
*''[[Dendrobium gouldii]]'' (<small>light coloured</small>) : Guadalcanal Gold
*''[[Dendrobium gouldii]]'' (<small>blue form</small>) : Florida Blue
*''[[Dendrobium goldiei]]'' Rchb.f.
**''Dendrobium goldiei'' var. ''karthausianum]]'' Rolfe (Germany)
*''[[Dendrobium gracilicaule]]'' : Leopard Orchid [[Image:Dendrobium-aphyllum.jpg|thumb|right|''Dendrobium aphyllum'']]
*''[[Dendrobium hasseltii]]'' : Spinach Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium kingianum]]'' : Pink rock lily
*''[[Dendrobium kingianum]]'' : Pink Rock Orchid, Pink Rock >Lily
*''[[Dendrobium lawesii]]'' : Christmas bell Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium linguaeforme]]'' : Thumbnail Orchid, Tongue Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium macarthiae]]'' : Vesak Mala
*''[[Dendrobium macrophylum]]'' (''D. musciferum'') : The Pastor's Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium mirbelianum]]'' : Mangrove Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium monophyllum]]'' : Lily of the Valley Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium mortii]]'' : Pencil Orchid, Rattail Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium nindii]]'' : Cowslip Orchid
[[Image:Dendrobium-chrysotoxum.jpg|thumb|right|''Dendrobium chrysotoxum'']]
*''[[Dendrobium ostrinoglossum]]'' : May River Orchid, Sepik Blue Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium phalaenopsis]]'' : Cooktown Orchid (was ''Dendrobium bigibum'' var. ''phalaenopsis'')
*''[[Dendrobium pugioniforme]]'' : Dagger Orchid (from the spape of its leaves), now ''[[Dockrillia]] pugioniformis''
*''[[Dendrobium racemosum]]'' : Rat tail Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium ruppianum]]'' (fusiforme) Small Demon, Small lemon orchid
*''[[Dendrobium secundum]]'' : Toothbrush Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium senile]]'' : Old Man Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium smilliae]]'' : Bottle-brush Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium speciosum]]'' : Captain King's Dendrobium, King Orchid, Pink Rock Orchid, Rock Lily
*''[[Dendrobium striolatum]]'' : Rat tail Orchid, Streaked Rock Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium superbum]]'' : Honohono
*''[[Dendrobium taurinum]]'' : Bull Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium tenuissimum]]'' : Rattail Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium teretifolium]]'' : Bridal-veil Orchid, Pencil Orchid, Rattail Orchid (now ''[[Dockrillia]] teretifolia
*''[[Dendrobium tetragonum]]'' : Spider Orchid, Tree Spider Orchid
*''[[Dendrobium victoriae-reginae]]'' : Blue Orchid
<gallery>
Image:Cooktown orchids.jpg|Cooktown orchids ''Dendrobium bigibbum''
Image:Dendrobium-delacourii.jpg|''Dendrobium delacourii''
Image:Dendrobium-x-delicatum.jpg|''Dendrobium x delicatum'' (a natural hybrid)
Image:Dendrobium-densiflorum.jpg|''Dendrobium densiflorum''
Image:Dendrobium-densiflorum-x-fa.jpg|''Dendrobium densiflorum x farmeri'' pink (a hybrid)
Image:Dendrobium-fuerstenbergianu.jpg|''Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum''
Image:Dendrobium-hercoglossum.jpg|''Dendrobium hercoglossum''
Image:Dendrobium-kingianum.jpg|''Dendrobium kingianum''
Image:Dendrobium-Mini-Brown.jpg|''Dendrobium'' Mini Brown (a man-made hybrid)
Image:Dendrobium-nobile.jpg|''Dendrobium nobile''
Image:Dendrobium-parishii.jpg|''Dendrobium parishii''
Image:Dendrobium-unicum.jpg|''Dendrobium unicum''
Image:Dendrobium_thysiflorum.jpg
Image:Dendrobium_Orchid.jpg|Painting of a typical ''Dendrobium'', by I. V. Passmoore; probably the hybrid ''Dendrobium'' Lucky Seven
</gallery>
==References==
* [1] Clements MA (1989) Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae. Australian Orchid Research 1: 1–62.
==External links==
*[http://www.orchidelirium.com/ Open Content Orchid Directory]
*[http://www.digitalcloseups.com Orchid Picture Gallery]
{{commonscat|Dendrobium}}
[[Category:Orchids of Australia]]
[[Category:Orchid genera]]