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:''For the historical personage, see [[Phalaris]].''
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Phalaris''
| image = Phalaris_canariensis.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Phalaris canariensis]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = '''''Phalaris'''''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''Phalaris''' is a [[genus]] of ''[[Poaceae]]''.
[[Species]] include:
*''[[Phalaris angusta]]'' - timothy canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris aquatica]]'' - bulbous canarygrass, Harding grass, Hardinggrass, =''[[Phalaris tuberosa]]''
*''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]'' - reed canary grass, reed canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris brachystachys]]'' - shortspike canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris californica]]'' - California canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris canariensis]]'' - annual canarygrass, common canary grass, common canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris caroliniana]]'' - Carolina canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris coerulescens]]'' - sunolgrass
*''[[Phalaris commutata]]''
*''[[Phalaris lemmonii]]'' - Lemmon's canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris minor]]'' - canarygrass, littleseed canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris paradoxa]]'' - hood canarygrass
== Distribution and Uses ==
Various species of Phalaris grow on every continent except [[Antarctica]]. Found in a broad range of habitats from below sea level to thousands of feet above sea level and from wet marshy areas to dry areas. Used in dried flower arrangements. Phalaris canariensis is commonly used for bird seed.
''P. arundinacea'' and ''P. aquatica'' are sometimes invasive species in wetlands. ''P. arundinacea'' and ''P. aquatica'' are known to contain the psychedelic [[tryptamine]]s [[5-MeO-DMT]], [[Bufotenin|5-OH-DMT]], and [[dimethyltryptamine|N,N-DMT]].
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+ Phalaris Species Known to Contain Alkaloids
|-----
| '''Species''' || '''Total Alkaloids''' || <center>'''DMT'''</center> || '''5-MeO-DMT''' || '''5-OH-DMT'''
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris aquatica]]'' || 0.0007-0.18%<ref name="lycaeum" /> || || ||
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]'' || 0.0004-0.121%<ref name="lycaeum">[http://nepenthes.lycaeum.org/Plants/Phalaris/DMTLU.html Lycaeum]</ref> || || ||
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris brachystachys]]'' || <center>Aerial parts up to 3%</center> ||<center>x</center> || ||
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris tuberosa]]'' || || 0.100%<ref name="erowid">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/phalaris/phalaris_faq.shtml Erowid Phalaris FAQ]</ref> || 0.022%<ref name="erowid" /> || 0.005%<ref name="erowid" />
|-----
|}
None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in ''P. californica'', ''P. canariensis'', ''P. minor'' and hybrids of ''P. arundinacea'' together with ''P. aquatica''.<ref name="lycaeum" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PHALA2 USDA Plants Database]
* [http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=41334 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)]
* [http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/phalaris.htm Grass Genera of the World]
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,9179 Jepson Manual Treatment]
[[Category:Entheogens]]
[[Category:Forages]]
[[Category:Grasses]]
{{grass-stub}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Phalaris''
| image = Phalaris_canariensis.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Phalaris canariensis]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = '''''Phalaris'''''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''Phalaris''' is a [[genus]] of ''[[Poaceae]]''.
[[Species]] include:
*''[[Phalaris angusta]]'' - timothy canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris aquatica]]'' - bulbous canarygrass, Harding grass, Hardinggrass, =''[[Phalaris tuberosa]]''
*''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]'' - reed canary grass, reed canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris brachystachys]]'' - shortspike canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris californica]]'' - California canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris canariensis]]'' - annual canarygrass, common canary grass, common canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris caroliniana]]'' - Carolina canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris coerulescens]]'' - sunolgrass
*''[[Phalaris commutata]]''
*''[[Phalaris lemmonii]]'' - Lemmon's canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris minor]]'' - canarygrass, littleseed canarygrass
*''[[Phalaris paradoxa]]'' - hood canarygrass
== Distribution and Uses ==
Various species of Phalaris grow on every continent except [[Antarctica]]. Found in a broad range of habitats from below sea level to thousands of feet above sea level and from wet marshy areas to dry areas. Used in dried flower arrangements. Phalaris canariensis is commonly used for bird seed.
''P. arundinacea'' and ''P. aquatica'' are sometimes invasive species in wetlands. ''P. arundinacea'' and ''P. aquatica'' are known to contain the psychedelic [[tryptamine]]s [[5-MeO-DMT]], [[Bufotenin|5-OH-DMT]], and [[dimethyltryptamine|N,N-DMT]].
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+ Phalaris Species Known to Contain Alkaloids
|-----
| '''Species''' || '''Total Alkaloids''' || <center>'''DMT'''</center> || '''5-MeO-DMT''' || '''5-OH-DMT'''
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris aquatica]]'' || 0.0007-0.18%<ref name="lycaeum" /> || || ||
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]'' || 0.0004-0.121%<ref name="lycaeum">[http://nepenthes.lycaeum.org/Plants/Phalaris/DMTLU.html Lycaeum]</ref> || || ||
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris brachystachys]]'' || <center>Aerial parts up to 3%</center> ||<center>x</center> || ||
|-----
| ''[[Phalaris tuberosa]]'' || || 0.100%<ref name="erowid">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/phalaris/phalaris_faq.shtml Erowid Phalaris FAQ]</ref> || 0.022%<ref name="erowid" /> || 0.005%<ref name="erowid" />
|-----
|}
None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in ''P. californica'', ''P. canariensis'', ''P. minor'' and hybrids of ''P. arundinacea'' together with ''P. aquatica''.<ref name="lycaeum" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PHALA2 USDA Plants Database]
* [http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=41334 Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)]
* [http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/phalaris.htm Grass Genera of the World]
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,9179 Jepson Manual Treatment]
[[Category:Entheogens]]
[[Category:Forages]]
[[Category:Grasses]]
{{grass-stub}}