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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Gymnadenia''
| image = Gymnadenia conopsea1.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Fragrant orchid (''Gymnadenia conopsea'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
| tribus = Orchideae
| subtribus = Habenariinae
| genus = '''''Gymnadenia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Gymnadenia''''' is a [[genus]] in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) containing 22 [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial]] [[species]].
They can be found in damp [[meadow]]s, [[fen]]s and [[marsh]]es, and on chalk or limestone, often in alpine regions of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] up to the Himalayas. The Fragrant Orchid (''[[Gymnadenia conopsea]]'') has been introduced into the [[USA]].
These hardy terrestrial [[orchids]] are [[deciduous]]. They survive the winter through their [[corm]]s, two deep-cut tubers (more like [[tuberous root]]s). Long lanceolate [[green]] [[Leaf|leaves]] grow at the bottom of the [[Plant stem|stem]]. There are some small leaves at the stop of the stem.
They [[flower]] during the [[summer]]. The [[inflorescence]] is a dense cylindrical spike between 5 and 30 cm long. It can consists of up to 150 small pleasant-smelling [[flowers]]. Their color can vary from pale purple to pink and [[white]]. The [[labellum|lip]] is wide with three lobes. The marginal [[petal]]s are horizontal. There is a long, thin, threadlike spur.
Several [[species]] were formerly classified under ''Nigritella''.
== Species ==
A '''nothogeneric''' name is the name at generic rank for a hybrid between representatives of two or more genera.
*''[[Gymnadenia archiducis-joannis]]'' ¹ (Austria)
*''[[Gymnadenia austriaca]]'' ¹ (C. Europe to Pyrenees).
**''Gymnadenia austriaca'' var. ''austriaca'' ¹ (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Gymnadenia austriaca'' var. ''gallica'' ¹ (Pyrenees, W. Alps) Tuber geophyte
*''[[Gymnadenia bicornis]]'' (Tibet).
*''[[Gymnadenia borealis]]'' (N. & C. Europe).
*''Gymnadenia × breinerorum'' ¹ (''G. cenisia'' × ''G. corneliana'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia buschmanniae]]'' ¹ (Italy)
*''[[Gymnadenia carpatica]]'' ¹ (''E. Carpathians'').
*''[[Gymnadenia cenisia]]'' ¹ (''France'')
*''Gymnadenia × chanousiana'' ² (''G. cenisia'' × ''G. conopsea'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia conopsea]]'' : '''Fragrant Orchid''' (Europe to Temp. E. Asia)
*''[[Gymnadenia corneliana]]'' (Beauverd) Teppner & E.Klein (SW. Alps)
**''Gymnadenia corneliana'' var. ''bourneriasii'' (E.Breiner & R.Breiner) Pellic (2005) (formerly ''Nigritella corneliana'' subsp. ''bourneriasii'')
*''[[Gymnadenia crassinervis]]'' (China
*''Gymnadenia × delphineae'' ² (''G. corneliana'' × ''G. rhellicani'') (France)
*''[[Gymnadenia dolomitensis]]'' ¹ (S. Alps).
*''Gymnadenia × eggeriana'' ¹ (''G. austriaca'' var. ''gallica'' × ''G. rhellicani'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia emeiensis]]'' (China – Sichuan).
*''[[Gymnadenia frivaldii]]'' (Balkan Pen. to S. Carpathians)
*''[[Gymnadenia gabasiana]]'' ¹ (Pyrenees)
*''Gymnadenia × godferyana'' ² (Alps) (''G. conopsea'' × ''rubra'')
*''Gymnadenia × heufleri'' (''G. nigra'' × ''G. odoratissima'') (Alps)
*''Gymnadenia × intermedia'' (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. odoratissima'') (Europe).
**''Gymnadenia × intermedia'' nothosubsp. ''intermedia'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
**''Gymnadenia × intermedia'' nothosubsp. ''proxima''.(''G. conopsea'' × ''G. odoratissima'' subsp. ''ongicalcarata'') (SW. Europe) Tuber geophyte
[[Image:Nigritella rhellicani 250704.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Gymnadenia'' (''Nigritella'') ''rhellicani'']]
*''[[Gymnadenia lithopolitanica]]'' ¹ (SE. Alps)
*''[[Gymnadenia microgymnadenia]]'' (NC. China).
*''[[Gymnadenia neottioides]]'' A.Rich. & Galeotti (Mexico)
*''[[Gymnadenia nigra]]'' ¹ (Europe, Israel).
*''[[Gymnadenia odoratissima]]'' (Europe).
**''Gymnadenia odoratissima'' subsp. ''longicalcarata'' (Spain). Tuber geophyte
**''Gymnadenia odoratissima' ' subsp. ''odoratissima'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
*''[[Gymnadenia orchidis]]'' (Himalaya to China)
*''[[Gymnadenia propinqua]]'' A.Rich. & Galeotti (Mexico)
*''Gymnadenia × pyrenaeensis'' ² (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. gabasiana'') (Pyrenees)
*''[[Gymnadenia rhellicani]]'' ¹ (W. Alps)
**: Gymnadenia rhellicani var. robusta - now synonym of ''Nigritella rhellicani'' Teppner & E.Klein var. robusta (P.Delforge) Kreutz, 2004
*''Gymnadenia × robatschiana''¹ (''G. cenisia'' × ''G. rhellicani'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia rubra]]'' ¹ (C. & E. Alps, S. Carpathians).
*''[[Gymnadenia stiriaca]]'' ¹ (Austria).
*''[[Gymnadenia taquetii]]'' (Korea)
*''Gymnadenia × truongiae'' ² (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. corneliana'') (France).
*''Gymnadenia × turnowskyi'' ² (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. lithopolitanica'') (Austria)
*''Gymnadenia × wettsteiniana'' ¹ (''G. nigra'' × ''G. rubra'') (Alps)
*''Gymnadenia widderi'' ¹ (NE. Alps, C. Italy).
:¹ Species or Hybrid was formerly classified under ''Nigritella''.
:² Hybrid was formerly classified under × ''Gymnigritella''.
{{commonscat|Gymnadenia}}
{{commonscat|Nigritella}}
== Reference ==
Delforge, P. 1998. Contribution taxonomique et nomenclaturale au genre Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae). (Nomenclatural and taxonomical contribution to the genus Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae). Nat. Belg. 79(4): 251-256.
[[Image:Gymnadenia conopsea plant1.jpg|thumb|left|225px|Fragrant Orchid (''Gymnadenia conopsea'') - habit]]
[[Image:Gymnadenia odoratissima alba.jpg|thumb|right|225px|''Gymnadenia odoratissima'']]
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Gymnadenia''
| image = Gymnadenia conopsea1.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Fragrant orchid (''Gymnadenia conopsea'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
| tribus = Orchideae
| subtribus = Habenariinae
| genus = '''''Gymnadenia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Gymnadenia''''' is a [[genus]] in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) containing 22 [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial]] [[species]].
They can be found in damp [[meadow]]s, [[fen]]s and [[marsh]]es, and on chalk or limestone, often in alpine regions of [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] up to the Himalayas. The Fragrant Orchid (''[[Gymnadenia conopsea]]'') has been introduced into the [[USA]].
These hardy terrestrial [[orchids]] are [[deciduous]]. They survive the winter through their [[corm]]s, two deep-cut tubers (more like [[tuberous root]]s). Long lanceolate [[green]] [[Leaf|leaves]] grow at the bottom of the [[Plant stem|stem]]. There are some small leaves at the stop of the stem.
They [[flower]] during the [[summer]]. The [[inflorescence]] is a dense cylindrical spike between 5 and 30 cm long. It can consists of up to 150 small pleasant-smelling [[flowers]]. Their color can vary from pale purple to pink and [[white]]. The [[labellum|lip]] is wide with three lobes. The marginal [[petal]]s are horizontal. There is a long, thin, threadlike spur.
Several [[species]] were formerly classified under ''Nigritella''.
== Species ==
A '''nothogeneric''' name is the name at generic rank for a hybrid between representatives of two or more genera.
*''[[Gymnadenia archiducis-joannis]]'' ¹ (Austria)
*''[[Gymnadenia austriaca]]'' ¹ (C. Europe to Pyrenees).
**''Gymnadenia austriaca'' var. ''austriaca'' ¹ (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Gymnadenia austriaca'' var. ''gallica'' ¹ (Pyrenees, W. Alps) Tuber geophyte
*''[[Gymnadenia bicornis]]'' (Tibet).
*''[[Gymnadenia borealis]]'' (N. & C. Europe).
*''Gymnadenia × breinerorum'' ¹ (''G. cenisia'' × ''G. corneliana'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia buschmanniae]]'' ¹ (Italy)
*''[[Gymnadenia carpatica]]'' ¹ (''E. Carpathians'').
*''[[Gymnadenia cenisia]]'' ¹ (''France'')
*''Gymnadenia × chanousiana'' ² (''G. cenisia'' × ''G. conopsea'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia conopsea]]'' : '''Fragrant Orchid''' (Europe to Temp. E. Asia)
*''[[Gymnadenia corneliana]]'' (Beauverd) Teppner & E.Klein (SW. Alps)
**''Gymnadenia corneliana'' var. ''bourneriasii'' (E.Breiner & R.Breiner) Pellic (2005) (formerly ''Nigritella corneliana'' subsp. ''bourneriasii'')
*''[[Gymnadenia crassinervis]]'' (China
*''Gymnadenia × delphineae'' ² (''G. corneliana'' × ''G. rhellicani'') (France)
*''[[Gymnadenia dolomitensis]]'' ¹ (S. Alps).
*''Gymnadenia × eggeriana'' ¹ (''G. austriaca'' var. ''gallica'' × ''G. rhellicani'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia emeiensis]]'' (China – Sichuan).
*''[[Gymnadenia frivaldii]]'' (Balkan Pen. to S. Carpathians)
*''[[Gymnadenia gabasiana]]'' ¹ (Pyrenees)
*''Gymnadenia × godferyana'' ² (Alps) (''G. conopsea'' × ''rubra'')
*''Gymnadenia × heufleri'' (''G. nigra'' × ''G. odoratissima'') (Alps)
*''Gymnadenia × intermedia'' (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. odoratissima'') (Europe).
**''Gymnadenia × intermedia'' nothosubsp. ''intermedia'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
**''Gymnadenia × intermedia'' nothosubsp. ''proxima''.(''G. conopsea'' × ''G. odoratissima'' subsp. ''ongicalcarata'') (SW. Europe) Tuber geophyte
[[Image:Nigritella rhellicani 250704.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Gymnadenia'' (''Nigritella'') ''rhellicani'']]
*''[[Gymnadenia lithopolitanica]]'' ¹ (SE. Alps)
*''[[Gymnadenia microgymnadenia]]'' (NC. China).
*''[[Gymnadenia neottioides]]'' A.Rich. & Galeotti (Mexico)
*''[[Gymnadenia nigra]]'' ¹ (Europe, Israel).
*''[[Gymnadenia odoratissima]]'' (Europe).
**''Gymnadenia odoratissima'' subsp. ''longicalcarata'' (Spain). Tuber geophyte
**''Gymnadenia odoratissima' ' subsp. ''odoratissima'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
*''[[Gymnadenia orchidis]]'' (Himalaya to China)
*''[[Gymnadenia propinqua]]'' A.Rich. & Galeotti (Mexico)
*''Gymnadenia × pyrenaeensis'' ² (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. gabasiana'') (Pyrenees)
*''[[Gymnadenia rhellicani]]'' ¹ (W. Alps)
**: Gymnadenia rhellicani var. robusta - now synonym of ''Nigritella rhellicani'' Teppner & E.Klein var. robusta (P.Delforge) Kreutz, 2004
*''Gymnadenia × robatschiana''¹ (''G. cenisia'' × ''G. rhellicani'') (France).
*''[[Gymnadenia rubra]]'' ¹ (C. & E. Alps, S. Carpathians).
*''[[Gymnadenia stiriaca]]'' ¹ (Austria).
*''[[Gymnadenia taquetii]]'' (Korea)
*''Gymnadenia × truongiae'' ² (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. corneliana'') (France).
*''Gymnadenia × turnowskyi'' ² (''G. conopsea'' × ''G. lithopolitanica'') (Austria)
*''Gymnadenia × wettsteiniana'' ¹ (''G. nigra'' × ''G. rubra'') (Alps)
*''Gymnadenia widderi'' ¹ (NE. Alps, C. Italy).
:¹ Species or Hybrid was formerly classified under ''Nigritella''.
:² Hybrid was formerly classified under × ''Gymnigritella''.
{{commonscat|Gymnadenia}}
{{commonscat|Nigritella}}
== Reference ==
Delforge, P. 1998. Contribution taxonomique et nomenclaturale au genre Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae). (Nomenclatural and taxonomical contribution to the genus Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae). Nat. Belg. 79(4): 251-256.
[[Image:Gymnadenia conopsea plant1.jpg|thumb|left|225px|Fragrant Orchid (''Gymnadenia conopsea'') - habit]]
[[Image:Gymnadenia odoratissima alba.jpg|thumb|right|225px|''Gymnadenia odoratissima'']]
[[Category:Orchid genera]]