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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Sorghum''
| image = Sorghum.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = '''''Sorghum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
About 30 species, see text
}}
'''Sorghum''' is a genus of numerous species of [[Poaceae|grasses]], some of which are raised for grain and many of which are utilised as [[fodder]] plants either cultivated or as part of pasture. The plants are cultivated in warmer climates worldwide. Species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of all continents in addition to [[Oceania]] and [[Australasia]].
For more specific details on commercially exploited Sorghum see [[commercial sorghum]].
==Cultivation and uses==
[[Image:2005sorghum.PNG|thumb|right|Sorghum output in 2005]]
Numerous ''Sorghum'' species are used for [[food]] (as grain and in [[Sweet sorghum | sorghum syrup or "sorghum molasses"]]), [[fodder]], and the production of [[alcoholic beverage]]s. Most species are [[xerophyte|drought tolerant]] and heat tolerant and are especially important in [[arid]] regions. They form an important component of pastures in many tropical regions. ''Sorghum'' species are an important [[food crop]] in [[Africa]], [[Central America]], and [[South Asia]], and is the "fifth most important [[cereal]] crop grown in the world" [http://www.grains.org/index.ww]. [[Africa|African]] [[Slavery|slaves]] introduced sorghum into the [[United States|U.S.]] in the early 17th century.
Some ''Sorghum'' species such as [[Johnson_grass|Johnson Grass]] are important economic and environmental weeds.
The reclaimed stalks of the sorghum plant are use to make a decorative millwork material known as [[Kirei board]].
Some species of Sorghum can contain levels of cyanide and nitrates lethal to grazing animals in the early stages of the plant's growth. Stressed plants, even at later stages of growth, can also contain toxic levels of cyanide.
== Species ==
* ''[[Sorghum almum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum amplum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum angustum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum arundinaceum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum bicolor]]''
* ''[[Sorghum brachypodum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum bulbosum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum burmahicum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum controversum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum drummondii]]''
* ''[[Sorghum ecarinatum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum exstans]]''
* ''[[Sorghum grande]]''
* ''[[Johnson grass|Sorghum halepense]]''
* ''[[Sorghum interjectum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum intrans]]''
* ''[[Sorghum laxiflorum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum leiocladum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum macrospermum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum matarankense]]''
* ''[[Sorghum miliaceum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum nitidum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum plumosum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum propinquum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum purpureosericeum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum stipoideum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum timorense]]''
* ''[[Sorghum trichocladum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum versicolor]]''
* ''[[Sorghum virgatum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum vulgare]]''
== Hybrids ==
*''Sorghum × almum''
*''Sorghum × drummondii''
==External links==
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0818e/T0818E00.HTM FAO Report (1995) "Sorghum and millets in human nutrition"]
* [http://www.fao.org/inpho/content/compend/toc_main.htm#TopOfPage FAO "Compendium on post-harvest operations" — Contains discussion on origin, processing and uses of sorghum]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/sorghum.html Alternative Field Crops]
* [http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42106 ITIS 42106] 2002-09-22
* [http://www.grains.org/grains/sorghum.html US Grains Council]
* [http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/sorghum/sorghumhomepage.htm ICRISAT]
* [http://amarillo.tamu.edu/programs/irrigtce/publications/Grain%20Sorghum%20Irrigation%20B-6152.pdf Grain Sorghum Irrigation]
*[http://www.grains.org/grains/sorghum.html Sorghum on US Grains Web Site]
*[http://www.sorghumgrowers.com National Grain Sorghum Producers]
*[http://www.ca.uky.edu/nssppa/production.html National Sweet Sorghum Producers and Processors Association]
*[http://www.grains.org/pdf/Sorghum%20Handbook.pdf Sorghum Handbook]
*[http://weedsoft.unl.edu/documents/GrowthStagesModule/Sorghum/Sorg.htm Sorghum Growth Stages]
* [http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030013 Sequencing of the Sorghum Genome by Methylation Filtration]
*[http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/11762.html Risk management of cyanide (prussic acid) and nitrates in sorghum crops]
{{Cereals}}
[[Category:Grasses]]
[[Category:Cereals]]
[[Category:Forages]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
[[Category:Underutilized crops]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Sorghum''
| image = Sorghum.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = '''''Sorghum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
About 30 species, see text
}}
'''Sorghum''' is a genus of numerous species of [[Poaceae|grasses]], some of which are raised for grain and many of which are utilised as [[fodder]] plants either cultivated or as part of pasture. The plants are cultivated in warmer climates worldwide. Species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of all continents in addition to [[Oceania]] and [[Australasia]].
For more specific details on commercially exploited Sorghum see [[commercial sorghum]].
==Cultivation and uses==
[[Image:2005sorghum.PNG|thumb|right|Sorghum output in 2005]]
Numerous ''Sorghum'' species are used for [[food]] (as grain and in [[Sweet sorghum | sorghum syrup or "sorghum molasses"]]), [[fodder]], and the production of [[alcoholic beverage]]s. Most species are [[xerophyte|drought tolerant]] and heat tolerant and are especially important in [[arid]] regions. They form an important component of pastures in many tropical regions. ''Sorghum'' species are an important [[food crop]] in [[Africa]], [[Central America]], and [[South Asia]], and is the "fifth most important [[cereal]] crop grown in the world" [http://www.grains.org/index.ww]. [[Africa|African]] [[Slavery|slaves]] introduced sorghum into the [[United States|U.S.]] in the early 17th century.
Some ''Sorghum'' species such as [[Johnson_grass|Johnson Grass]] are important economic and environmental weeds.
The reclaimed stalks of the sorghum plant are use to make a decorative millwork material known as [[Kirei board]].
Some species of Sorghum can contain levels of cyanide and nitrates lethal to grazing animals in the early stages of the plant's growth. Stressed plants, even at later stages of growth, can also contain toxic levels of cyanide.
== Species ==
* ''[[Sorghum almum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum amplum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum angustum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum arundinaceum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum bicolor]]''
* ''[[Sorghum brachypodum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum bulbosum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum burmahicum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum controversum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum drummondii]]''
* ''[[Sorghum ecarinatum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum exstans]]''
* ''[[Sorghum grande]]''
* ''[[Johnson grass|Sorghum halepense]]''
* ''[[Sorghum interjectum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum intrans]]''
* ''[[Sorghum laxiflorum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum leiocladum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum macrospermum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum matarankense]]''
* ''[[Sorghum miliaceum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum nitidum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum plumosum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum propinquum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum purpureosericeum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum stipoideum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum timorense]]''
* ''[[Sorghum trichocladum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum versicolor]]''
* ''[[Sorghum virgatum]]''
* ''[[Sorghum vulgare]]''
== Hybrids ==
*''Sorghum × almum''
*''Sorghum × drummondii''
==External links==
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0818e/T0818E00.HTM FAO Report (1995) "Sorghum and millets in human nutrition"]
* [http://www.fao.org/inpho/content/compend/toc_main.htm#TopOfPage FAO "Compendium on post-harvest operations" — Contains discussion on origin, processing and uses of sorghum]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/sorghum.html Alternative Field Crops]
* [http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42106 ITIS 42106] 2002-09-22
* [http://www.grains.org/grains/sorghum.html US Grains Council]
* [http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/sorghum/sorghumhomepage.htm ICRISAT]
* [http://amarillo.tamu.edu/programs/irrigtce/publications/Grain%20Sorghum%20Irrigation%20B-6152.pdf Grain Sorghum Irrigation]
*[http://www.grains.org/grains/sorghum.html Sorghum on US Grains Web Site]
*[http://www.sorghumgrowers.com National Grain Sorghum Producers]
*[http://www.ca.uky.edu/nssppa/production.html National Sweet Sorghum Producers and Processors Association]
*[http://www.grains.org/pdf/Sorghum%20Handbook.pdf Sorghum Handbook]
*[http://weedsoft.unl.edu/documents/GrowthStagesModule/Sorghum/Sorg.htm Sorghum Growth Stages]
* [http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030013 Sequencing of the Sorghum Genome by Methylation Filtration]
*[http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/11762.html Risk management of cyanide (prussic acid) and nitrates in sorghum crops]
{{Cereals}}
[[Category:Grasses]]
[[Category:Cereals]]
[[Category:Forages]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
[[Category:Underutilized crops]]