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Phytolacca americana. Linn. (P. decandra, Linn.). Poke. Scoke. Garget. Tall stout bushy perennial herb, reaching 10- 12 ft. high, the sts. soft or semi-succulent and smooth, glaucous, and the maturer parts purple tinged: lvs. oval-oblong or oblong lanceolate, gradually narrowed both ways, acuminate, the petiole more or less margined: fls. purplish or greenish white, in peduncled simple racemes and borne on stout bracted pedicels; ovary 10 carpelled and green, ripening into a wine  purple berry. Maine through Ont. to Minn., and far southward; naturalized in Eu.; often a weed, particularly in clearings and new lands. B.M. 931. Gn. 21. p. 179. G. 7:667. Mn. 1, p. 53. A robust plant with heavy odor, but of good habit and clean. This species, the common pokeberry, is offered by dealers in native plants and its young asparagus like shoots are sometimes used as a pot herb. Its flattish berries yield a crimson juice of a very distinct hue, but it has never been fixed for dyeing purposes. Children sometimes make red ink from the berries for amusement. The berries have been used to give color to pale wines, but its use for this purpose is injurious and in Portugal has been prohibited by royal decree. The roots are emetic, purgative, and somewhat narcotic. The word "poke" is supposed to come from the American Indian word pocan, which apparently referred to any plant yielding a red or yellow dye, as pokeweed or bloodroot. In President Polk's campaign his followers wore lvs. of pokeweed. In collecting young shoots for greens, care must be taken not to include any portion of the root, as this would give a bitter taste and might cause serious illness, as the roots contain powerful drastic principles. Small pieces of the root eaten by mistake for horse radish or turnip are reported to have caused serious and in some instances fatal cases of poisoning. The seeds are also poisonous. Directions are given in some of the older writings for the cult, of poke for the young shoots, which are eaten early in the season as a substitute for asparagus; but the wealth of other pot herbs renders this plant unnecessary. It may be increased by seeds or by division of the thick roots. A variegated form once cult, for ornament is shown in R.H. 1887, p. 16, the lvs. light green above often shaded rose and more or less margined white, beneath pale rose to violet.

Phytolacca americana. Linn. (P. decandra, Linn.). Poke. Scoke. Garget. Tall stout bushy perennial herb, reaching 10- 12 ft. high, the sts. soft or semi-succulent and smooth, glaucous, and the maturer parts purple tinged: lvs. oval-oblong or oblong lanceolate, gradually narrowed both ways, acuminate, the petiole more or less margined: fls. purplish or greenish white, in peduncled simple racemes and borne on stout bracted pedicels; ovary 10 carpelled and green, ripening into a wine  purple berry. Maine through Ont. to Minn., and far southward; naturalized in Eu.; often a weed, particularly in clearings and new lands. B.M. 931. Gn. 21. p. 179. G. 7:667. Mn. 1, p. 53. A robust plant with heavy odor, but of good habit and clean. This species, the common pokeberry, is offered by dealers in native plants and its young asparagus like shoots are sometimes used as a pot herb. Its flattish berries yield a crimson juice of a very distinct hue, but it has never been fixed for dyeing purposes. Children sometimes make red ink from the berries for amusement. The berries have been used to give color to pale wines, but its use for this purpose is injurious and in Portugal has been prohibited by royal decree. The roots are emetic, purgative, and somewhat narcotic. The word "poke" is supposed to come from the American Indian word pocan, which apparently referred to any plant yielding a red or yellow dye, as pokeweed or bloodroot. In President Polk's campaign his followers wore lvs. of pokeweed. In collecting young shoots for greens, care must be taken not to include any portion of the root, as this would give a bitter taste and might cause serious illness, as the roots contain powerful drastic principles. Small pieces of the root eaten by mistake for horse radish or turnip are reported to have caused serious and in some instances fatal cases of poisoning. The seeds are also poisonous. Directions are given in some of the older writings for the cult, of poke for the young shoots, which are eaten early in the season as a substitute for asparagus; but the wealth of other pot herbs renders this plant unnecessary. It may be increased by seeds or by division of the thick roots. A variegated form once cult, for ornament is shown in R.H. 1887, p. 16, the lvs. light green above often shaded rose and more or less margined white, beneath pale rose to violet.

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'''American Pokeweed''' (''Phytolacca americana'') is a large, shrubby perennial growing up to 8 feet in height native to eastern [[North America]]. The plant has a large white taproot, green or red stems, and large, simple leaves. White flowers are followed by purple to almost black berries, which are a good food source for songbirds such as [[Northern Cardinal]], [[Brown Thrasher]], and [[Northern Mockingbird]].

Also known as '''American nightshade''', '''cancer jalap''', '''coakum''', '''garget''', '''inkberry''', '''pigeon berry''', '''pocan bush''', '''poke root''', '''redweed''', '''scoke''', and '''red ink plant''', this plant is highly [[toxic]] to [[livestock]] and humans, and is considered a major pest plant by farmers. However, the leaves of young plants are sometimes collected as a spring green and eaten after repeated [[blanching]]s. The toxic substance in the plant is a [[terpene|triterpene]] [[saponin]] called [[phytolaccigenin]], which causes [[hemagglutination]]. In addition, this plant is also cited as a [[medicinal plant]] by [[Plants for a Future]].

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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220010427 Phytolacca americana in the ''Flora of North America'']

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==References==

==References==

*Lewis, W.H. and M.P.F. Lewis (2003). ''Medical Botany''. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. pg. 82

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996.  

 

<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?28252  Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Phytolacca americana'']

*{{wplink}}

Image:Phytolacca americana3.jpg

[[Category:Categorize]]

of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

[[Category:Flora of North America]]