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Eriogonum (view source)

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Eriogonum (Greek, woolly joints). Polygonaceae. About 140 species, W. N. American (with extension into Mex.), herbs tufted sub-shrubs or slender annuals, mostly densely woolly: lvs. crowded at the base of the St., alternate or whorled, entire: fls. small, perfect, in an involucrate head, fascicle or umbel, mostly recurved or reflexed with age, mostly white, rose or yellow; perianth 6-parted; stamens 9; styles 3: fr. an achene, mostly 3-angled. Now and then some of the species are listed by dealers in native plants, but they can hardly be regarded as cult. subjects. E. compositum, Douglas, perhaps the best known, has very many minute neutral- colored fls., dull white to rosy, borne in compound umbels 5-6 in. deep and broad. B.R. 1774. The following have been advertised, but are practically unknown in our gardens: E. campanulatum, E. compositum, E. flavum, E. heracleoides, E. incanum, E. microthecum var. effusum, E. niveum, E. nudum, E. ovalifolium, E. racemosum, E. sphaerocephalum, E. thymoides, E. umbellatum. E. giganteum makes a mound or mat many feet across. G.C. III. 28:337. Descriptions of eriogonums may be readily found in the floras of the western part of the U. S.
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| latin_name = ''Eriogonum''
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| common_names = Wild buckwheats
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{{Taxobox
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| color = lightgreen
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| name = Wild buckwheats
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Eriogonum_umbellatum_1.jpg
 
| image = Eriogonum_umbellatum_1.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 240px   <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = [[Sulphur Flower]]<br/>''[[Eriogonum umbellatum]]''
 
| image_caption = [[Sulphur Flower]]<br/>''[[Eriogonum umbellatum]]''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| familia = Polygonaceae
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| genus = Eriogonum
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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}}
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| unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
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{{Inc|
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| ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
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Eriogonum (Greek, woolly joints). Polygonaceae. About 140 species, W. N. American (with extension into Mex.), herbs tufted sub-shrubs or slender annuals, mostly densely woolly: lvs. crowded at the base of the St., alternate or whorled, entire: fls. small, perfect, in an involucrate head, fascicle or umbel, mostly recurved or reflexed with age, mostly white, rose or yellow; perianth 6-parted; stamens 9; styles 3: fr. an achene, mostly 3-angled. Now and then some of the species are listed by dealers in native plants, but they can hardly be regarded as cult. subjects. E. compositum, Douglas, perhaps the best known, has very many minute neutral- colored fls., dull white to rosy, borne in compound umbels 5-6 in. deep and broad. B.R. 1774. The following have been advertised, but are practically unknown in our gardens: E. campanulatum, E. compositum, E. flavum, E. heracleoides, E. incanum, E. microthecum var. effusum, E. niveum, E. nudum, E. ovalifolium, E. racemosum, E. sphaerocephalum, E. thymoides, E. umbellatum. E. giganteum makes a mound or mat many feet across. Descriptions of eriogonums may be readily found in the floras of the western part of the U. S.
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| familia = [[Polygonaceae]]
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{{SCH}}
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| genus = '''''Eriogonum'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Michx.]] (1803)
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
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| subdivision =
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Over 250, see text
   
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'''''Eriogonum''''' is the scientific name for a [[genus]] of [[flowering plants]], in the family [[Polygonaceae]]. The genus is found in [[North America]] and is known as '''Wild Buckwheat'''.  This is a highly species-rich genus, and indications are that active [[speciation]] is continuing.  It includes some common [[wildflowers]] such as the [[California Buckwheat]] (''Eriogonum fasciculatum'').
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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It came into the news in [[2005]] when the [[Mount Diablo Buckwheat]] (''Eriogonum truncatum'', believed to be extinct) was rediscovered.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Importance for Lepidoptera==
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===Pests and diseases===
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''Eriogonum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] (butterflies and moths). Several of these are [[phagy|monophagous]], meaning that their [[caterpillar]]s only feed on this genus, sometimes just on a single [[taxon]] of ''Eriogonum''. Wild buckwheat flowers are also an important source of food for these and other Lepidoptera. In some cases, the relationship is so close that ''Eriogonum'' and dependent Lepidoptera are in danger of [[coextinction]].
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Monophagous Lepidoptera on wild buckwheat include:
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==Species==
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* ''Apodemia mormo'' ([[Mormon metalmark]]) - feeds exclusively on ''Eriogonum''
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Selected species{{wp}}
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** ''Apodemia mormo langei'' ([[Lange's metalmark]]) - only known from ''Eriogonum nudum'' ssp. ''auriculatum''
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* ''[[Chionodes dammersi]]'' - feeds exclusively on ''Eriogonum''
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* ''[[Chionodes luteogeminatus]]'' - only known from ''Eriogonum niveum''
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* ''Euphilotes enoptes smithi'' ([[Smith's blue butterfly]]) - only known from ''Eriogonum latifolium'' and ''Eriogonum parvifolium''
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==Selected species==
   
[[image:Eriogonum hirtellum 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum hirtellum]]'']]
 
[[image:Eriogonum hirtellum 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum hirtellum]]'']]
 
[[image:Eriogonum ursinum 3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Talus Buckwheat]]<br/>''[[Eriogonum ursinum]]'']]
 
[[image:Eriogonum ursinum 3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Talus Buckwheat]]<br/>''[[Eriogonum ursinum]]'']]
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* ''[[Eriogonum wrightii]]''
 
* ''[[Eriogonum wrightii]]''
 
* ''[[Eriogonum zapatoense]]''
 
* ''[[Eriogonum zapatoense]]''
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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{{commonscat}}
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*{{wplink}}
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* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5994 genus treatment in the ''Jepson Manual'']
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112045 Eriogonum in the ''Flora of North America'']
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* [http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/05/24_buckwheat.shtml Mt. Diablo buckwheat rediscovered]
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{{Caryophyllales-stub}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Polygonaceae]]
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