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Notwithstanding the various conditions surrounding the different species of vanda in their natural habitats, the plants may nearly all be cultivated successfully under the same general treatment. When a general collection is grown, a house of east and west exposure will be found best suited to the wants of vandas. The plants require plenty of light and do not need any shade from November until the middle of February. A house of east and west aspect will require less shading during late fall and early spring than one of southern exposure, and there will be fewer ill effects from direct solar heat at all times. From February until November shading will be necessary, but it should never be too heavy or black-spot is likely to appear. The winter temperature should range from 60° to 65° F. by night and 70° to 75° by day, with a gradual increase of 10° during the summer months. A few degrees more with solar heat and ventilation will do no harm. The atmosphere must be kept moist by damping the benches and paths freely once or twice a day, and ventilation should be given whenever possible, in greater or less degree according to outside conditions. Especially during wet cheerless weather is ventilation important, even if fire heat has to be applied to retain the desired temperature. Vandas may be grown well in either pots or baskets, but the latter are preferable, as they admit air more freely to the roots, whereby they are not so liable to decay from overwatering during severe weather. The best potting or basketing material consists of chopped live sphagnum moss freely interspersed with large pieces of charcoal. This material should be pressed in rather firmly about the roots, leaving a convex surface when finished. A plentiful supply of water is essential at all seasons with copious syringing over the foliage in bright weather. The compost should never be allowed to remain dry for a long time. V. tricolor and similar species grow very well among foliage plants in the warmhouse, where their large aerial roots, which are freely emitted from the sides of the stems, may ramble among the foliage and thereby retain moisture a long time after syringing. A few species, such as V. Amesiana, V. caerulea, and V. Kimballiana, with one or two other alpine species, require about 10° cooler temperature, but otherwise similar treatment to other species of the genus. Stock is increased by removing a foot or more of the leading growth with a sharp knife, allowing several roots to remain attached to each growth and basketing them in the usual manner. These new pieces should be frequently syringed overhead until they become established or they are likely to shrivel. The old stems will nearly always send out several new growths. The principal insect enemies of vandas are several species of scale, which breed fast in a dry atmosphere. They can be kept in check by syringing with strong tobacco-water and by sponging the plants with a 20 per cent solution of alcohol. (Robt. M. Grey.)

Notwithstanding the various conditions surrounding the different species of vanda in their natural habitats, the plants may nearly all be cultivated successfully under the same general treatment. When a general collection is grown, a house of east and west exposure will be found best suited to the wants of vandas. The plants require plenty of light and do not need any shade from November until the middle of February. A house of east and west aspect will require less shading during late fall and early spring than one of southern exposure, and there will be fewer ill effects from direct solar heat at all times. From February until November shading will be necessary, but it should never be too heavy or black-spot is likely to appear. The winter temperature should range from 60° to 65° F. by night and 70° to 75° by day, with a gradual increase of 10° during the summer months. A few degrees more with solar heat and ventilation will do no harm. The atmosphere must be kept moist by damping the benches and paths freely once or twice a day, and ventilation should be given whenever possible, in greater or less degree according to outside conditions. Especially during wet cheerless weather is ventilation important, even if fire heat has to be applied to retain the desired temperature. Vandas may be grown well in either pots or baskets, but the latter are preferable, as they admit air more freely to the roots, whereby they are not so liable to decay from overwatering during severe weather. The best potting or basketing material consists of chopped live sphagnum moss freely interspersed with large pieces of charcoal. This material should be pressed in rather firmly about the roots, leaving a convex surface when finished. A plentiful supply of water is essential at all seasons with copious syringing over the foliage in bright weather. The compost should never be allowed to remain dry for a long time. V. tricolor and similar species grow very well among foliage plants in the warmhouse, where their large aerial roots, which are freely emitted from the sides of the stems, may ramble among the foliage and thereby retain moisture a long time after syringing. A few species, such as V. Amesiana, V. caerulea, and V. Kimballiana, with one or two other alpine species, require about 10° cooler temperature, but otherwise similar treatment to other species of the genus. Stock is increased by removing a foot or more of the leading growth with a sharp knife, allowing several roots to remain attached to each growth and basketing them in the usual manner. These new pieces should be frequently syringed overhead until they become established or they are likely to shrivel. The old stems will nearly always send out several new growths. The principal insect enemies of vandas are several species of scale, which breed fast in a dry atmosphere. They can be kept in check by syringing with strong tobacco-water and by sponging the plants with a 20 per cent solution of alcohol. (Robt. M. Grey.)

V. Batemannii, Lindl.-Vandopsis lissochiloides. — V. cathartica, Hort., is presumably an error for V. Cathcartii. — V. confusa is a new name proposed for V. caerulescens var. Boxallii. — V. cristata, Lindl. Sts. erect: sepals and petals yellow-green, the petals incurved : lip buff, striped with rich purple. B.M. 4304. B.R. 28:48. — V. Dalleana-V. lamellate x V. Boxallii. — V. Floreyae. A natural hybrid. Resembles V. caerulea in habit, but fls. smaller, white with violet lip. — V. gigantea, Lindl. -Vandopsis gigantea. — V. Lowei, Lindl.- Renanthera Lowei. — V. Maronae -V. teres x V. tricolor var. suavis. — V. Niemanii. — V. praemorsa. — V. pumila, Hook. f. Lvs. 4-8 in. long: racemes 3-fld.: fls. fragrant, ivory-white, 2 - 2 1/2 in. across, the lip crimson-striped; sepals and petals oblong-spatulate. Sikkim. B.M. 7968. — V. atriata. Reichb. f.-V. cristata. — V. Watsonii, Rolfe. About 1 ft. tall: lvs. subterete, acute, up to 14 in. long, dark green spotted with brown on sheath: scape brown-spotted, 10-12-fld.: fls. white, the crest and interior of sac yellow spotted brown; sepals and petals obovate-spatulate; lip 3-lobed, the front lobe oval, fimbriate. Annam. B.M. 8109. G.C. III. 37: 123; 43: 131, 132.

V. Batemannii, Lindl.-Vandopsis lissochiloides. — V. cathartica, Hort., is presumably an error for V. Cathcartii. — V. confusa is a new name proposed for V. caerulescens var. Boxallii. — V. cristata, Lindl. Sts. erect: sepals and petals yellow-green, the petals incurved : lip buff, striped with rich purple. B.M. 4304. B.R. 28:48. — V. Dalleana-V. lamellate x V. Boxallii. — V. Floreyae. A natural hybrid. Resembles V. caerulea in habit, but fls. smaller, white with violet lip. — V. gigantea, Lindl. -Vandopsis gigantea. — V. Lowei, Lindl.- Renanthera Lowei. — V. Maronae -V. teres x V. tricolor var. suavis. — V. Niemanii. — V. praemorsa. — V. pumila, Hook. f. Lvs. 4-8 in. long: racemes 3-fld.: fls. fragrant, ivory-white, 2 - 2 1/2 in. across, the lip crimson-striped; sepals and petals oblong-spatulate. Sikkim. B.M. 7968. — V. atriata. Reichb. f.-V. cristata. — V. Watsonii, Rolfe. About 1 ft. tall: lvs. subterete, acute, up to 14 in. long, dark green spotted with brown on sheath: scape brown-spotted, 10-12-fld.: fls. white, the crest and interior of sac yellow spotted brown; sepals and petals obovate-spatulate; lip 3-lobed, the front lobe oval, fimbriate. Annam.

 

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'''''Vanda''''' W. Jones ex [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R. Br.]] 1820,  is a [[genus]] in the orchid family (''[[Orchidaceae]]'') which, although not large (about fifty [[species]]), is one of the most important florally.  

'''''Vanda''''' W. Jones ex [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R. Br.]] 1820,  is a [[genus]] in the orchid family (''[[Orchidaceae]]'') which, although not large (about fifty [[species]]), is one of the most important florally.  

These mostly [[epiphyte|epiphytic]], but sometimes [[lithophyte|lithophytic]] or [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial]] orchids are distributed in [[India]], [[Himalaya]], SE [[Asia]], [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Guinea]], southern [[China]] and northern [[Australia]].

These mostly [[epiphyte|epiphytic]], but sometimes [[lithophyte|lithophytic]] or [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial]] orchids are distributed in [[India]], [[Himalaya]], SE [[Asia]], [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Guinea]], southern [[China]] and northern [[Australia]].

This genus is one of the five most horticulturally important orchid genera, because it has some of the most magnificent flowers to be found in the entire orchid family. This has contributed much to the work of [[hybrid]]ists producing flowers for the cut flower market. ''Vanda coerulea'' is one of the few botanical orchids with blue flowers (actually a very bluish purple), a property much appreciated for producing interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. ''Vanda dearei'' is one of the chief sources of yellow color in ''Vanda'' hybrids.

This genus is one of the five most horticulturally important orchid genera, because it has some of the most magnificent flowers to be found in the entire orchid family. This has contributed much to the work of [[hybrid]]ists producing flowers for the cut flower market. ''Vanda coerulea'' is one of the few botanical orchids with blue flowers (actually a very bluish purple), a property much appreciated for producing interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. ''Vanda dearei'' is one of the chief sources of yellow color in ''Vanda'' hybrids.

[[Vanda Miss Joaquim|''Vanda'' Miss Joaquim]] is the National Flower of [[Singapore]].

Many ''Vanda'' orchids (especially ''Vanda coerulea'') are endangered, because of habitat destruction. The export of wild-collected specimens of the Blue Orchid (''Vanda coerulea'') and other wild ''Vanda''s is prohibited worldwide, as all orchids are listed on Appendix II of the [[Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species]].

Many ''Vanda'' orchids (especially ''Vanda coerulea'') are endangered, because of habitat destruction. The export of wild-collected specimens of the Blue Orchid (''Vanda coerulea'') and other wild ''Vanda''s is prohibited worldwide, as all orchids are listed on Appendix II of the [[Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species]].

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===Pests and diseases===

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== Species ==

== Species ==

* Yonezawaara (''Neofinetia'' x ''Rhynchostylis'' x ''Vanda'')

* Yonezawaara (''Neofinetia'' x ''Rhynchostylis'' x ''Vanda'')

==References==

==Gallery==

Motes, M. R., and A. L. Hoffman. 1997 Vandas,  heir botany, history and culture.  ISBN 0-88192-376-1

*Motes, M. R., and A. L. Hoffman. 1997 Vandas,  heir botany, history and culture.  ISBN 0-88192-376-1

== External links ==

==External links==

*[http://www.orchids.co.in/plant-facts/breeding-vanda.shtm Breeding in Vanda] Breeding in Vanda

*{{wplink}}