Changes

==Cultivation==

==Cultivation==

Succeeds on a warm wall in a good loamy soil{{pfaf1}} in full sun{{pfaf166}} or light shade{{pfaf200}}. Plants can become rampant when growing in rich soils{{pfaf200}}. A very ornamental plant{{pfaf1}}, it is hardy to about -20°c according to some reports{{pfaf184}}{{pfaf200}} whilst another says that it is not hardy in all parts of the country but it succeeds in more open positions such as a pergola or an old tree in the southern part of England{{pfaf1}}. Plants require the extra warmth of a sunny wall to induce better flowering{{pfaf184}}. Plants are self-clinging by aerial roots like ivy but are best if given some support{{pfaf1, 166}}. Any pruning is best done in the spring{{pfaf188}}. The seed only ripens outdoors in Britain in hot summers{{pfaf11}}. There are some named forms selected for their ornamental value{{pfaf202}}. Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus{{pfaf200}}.

Succeeds on a warm wall in a good loamy soil{{pfaf1}} in full sun{{pfaf166}} or light shade{{pfaf200}}. Plants can become rampant when growing in rich soils{{pfaf200}}. A very ornamental plant{{pfaf1}}, it is hardy to about -20°c according to some reports{{pfaf184}}{{pfaf200}} whilst another says that it is not hardy in all parts of the country but it succeeds in more open positions such as a pergola or an old tree in the southern part of England{{pfaf1}}. Plants require the extra warmth of a sunny wall to induce better flowering{{pfaf184}}. Plants are self-clinging by aerial roots like ivy but are best if given some support{{pfaf1}}{{pfaf166}}. Any pruning is best done in the spring{{pfaf188}}. The seed only ripens outdoors in Britain in hot summers{{pfaf11}}. There are some named forms selected for their ornamental value{{pfaf202}}. Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus{{pfaf200}}.

===Propagation===

===Propagation===

Seed - sow spring in a greenhouse at 10°c. Two months stratification at 5°c assists germination{{pfaf200}}. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Cuttings of almost ripe wood, 7 - 10cm long, July/August in a frame. Slow to root but a fair percentage{{pfaf78, 200}}. Root cuttings 5cm long in December. Fair to good percentage{{pfaf78}}. Suckers, removed in the dormant season.

Seed - sow spring in a greenhouse at 10°c. Two months stratification at 5°c assists germination{{pfaf200}}. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Cuttings of almost ripe wood, 7 - 10cm long, July/August in a frame. Slow to root but a fair percentage{{pfaf78}}{{pfaf200}}. Root cuttings 5cm long in December. Fair to good percentage{{pfaf78}}. Suckers, removed in the dormant season.

===Pests and diseases===

===Pests and diseases===