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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Bromus''
| image = Bromus sterilis.jpeg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = [[Barren Brome]], ''Bromus sterilis''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = '''''Bromus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
About 160, see text.
}}
'''''Bromus''''' is a large [[genus]] of the grass family [[Poaceae]] with about 160 species. Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400.
== Description ==
Commonly known as brome grasses, ''Bromus'' species occur in many habitats in temperate regions of the world, including North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. There is a wide variety between some species, while the morphological differences between others are subtle and difficult to distinguish. As such, the taxonomy of the genus is complicated. The genus ''Bromus'' is distinguished from other grass genera by the combination of several morphological characteristics, including leaf sheaths that are closed (connate) for most of their length, apicals that are usually inserted subapically, and hairy appendages on the [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]]. The [[Leaf|leaves]] and sheaths can be hairless, sparsely hairy or hairy. The [[inflorescence]] is a loose or open [[panicle]], usually drooping or nodding, sometimes spreading (as in [[Japanese Brome]]).
The [[caterpillar]]s of some [[Lepidoptera]] use ''Bromus'' as a foodplant, e.g. the [[Chequered Skipper]] (''Carterocephalus palaemon'').
== Taxonomy ==
[[Taxonomy|Taxonomists]] have generated various classification schemes to reflect the morphological variation that is seen in ''Bromus''. In North America, five [[section (botany)|section]]s are generally recognized: sect. Bromus, sect. Genea, sect. Ceratochloa, sect. Neobromus, and sect. Brompsis. Sections Bromus and Genea are native to the Old World (Eurasia), but many species are introduced into North America. Sections Bromopsis, Neobromus, and Ceratochloa have several native species in North America.
== Species ==
*''Bromus aleutensis'' - [[Aleutian Brome]]
*''Bromus alopecuros'' - [[Weedy Brome]]
*''Bromus anomalus'' - [[Nodding Brome]]
*''Bromus arenarius'' - Australian Brome
*''Bromus arizonicus'' - Arizona Brome
*''Bromus arvensis'' - [[Field Brome]], Schrader's Brome
*''Bromus benekii'' - Lesser Hairy Brome
*''Bromus berterianus'' - Chilean chess
*''Bromus biebersteinii'' - Meadow Brome
*''Bromus briziformis'' - Rattlesnake Brome, Quake Grass.
*''[[Bromus bromoideus]]'' - Brome of the Ardennes
*''Bromus carinatus'' - [[California Brome]], Mountain Brome Grass
*''Bromus catharticus'' - Rescuegrass, Australian Oat
*''Bromus ciliatus'' - Fringed Brome ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''B. canadensis'')
**''Bromus ciliatus'' subsp. ''ciliatus'' - Fringed Brome
**''Bromus ciliatus'' subsp. ''richardsonii'' - Fringed Brome
*''Bromus commutatus'' - [[Meadow Brome]]
*''Bromus danthoniae''
*''Bromus diandrus'' - Great Brome, Ripgut Brome, Ripgut grass
*''Bromus erectus'' - Upright Brome, Erect Brome
*''Bromus fibrosus''
*''Bromus frondosus'' - [[Weeping Brome]]
*''Bromus grandis'' - Tall Brome
*''Bromus grossus'' - [[Great Rye Brome]], Whiskered Brome
*''[[Bromus hordeaceus]]'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''ferronii'' - Least Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''hordeaceus'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''molliformis'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''pseudothominii'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''thominei'' - Lesser Soft Brome
*''Bromus inermis'' - Hungarian Brome, Smooth Brome, Awnless Brome Grass
**''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''inermis'' - Smooth Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''inermis'' var. ''divaricatus'' - Smooth Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''inermis'' var. ''inermis'' - Smooth Brome
**''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''pumpellianus'' - Pumpelly's Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''pumpellianus'' var. ''arcticus'' - Pumpelly's Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''pumpellianus'' var. ''pumpellianus'' - Pumpelly's Brome
[[Image:Zachte dravik Bromus mollis closeup.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Bromus mollis'']]
*''Bromus interruptus'' - Interrupted Brome
*''Bromus japonicus'' - Japanese Brome
*''Bromus kalmii'' - [[Arctic Brome]]
*''Bromus laevipes'' - Chinook Brome
*''Bromus lanatipes'' - Woolly Brome
*''Bromus lanceolatus''- Mediterranean Brome
*''Bromus latiglumis'' - Earlyleaf Brome
*''Bromus lepidus'' - Slender Soft Brome
*''Bromus luzonensis'' - Hoary Brome
*''Bromus macrostachys''
*''Bromus madritensis'' - [[Compact Brome]]
*''Bromus mango'' - Mango Brome
*''Bromus marginatus'' - Mountain Brome
*''Bromus maritimus'' - Seaside Brome
*''Bromus mollis'' - [[Bull Grass]], Soft Cheat, Soft Chess
*''Bromus mucroglumis'' - Sharpglume Brome
*''Bromus nottowayanus'' - Nottoway Valley Brome
*''Bromus orcuttianus'' - Orcutt's Brome
*''Bromus pacificus'' - [[Pacific Brome]]
*''Bromus polyanthus'' - Great Basin Brome
**''Bromus polyanthus'' subsp. ''paniculatus'' - Great Basin Brome
**''Bromus polyanthus'' subsp. ''polyanthus'' - Great Basin Brome
*''Bromus porteri'' - Porter Brome
*''Bromus pseudolaevipes'' - Coast Range Brome
*''Bromus pseudosecalinus''- False Rye Brome
*''Bromus pseudothominii'' - Hybrid Soft Brome
*''Bromus pubescens'' - Hairy Woodland Brome
*''Bromus racemosus'' - [[Smooth Brome]]
*''Bromus ramosus'' - [[Hairy Brome]]
**''Bromus ramosus'' subsp. ''benekii'' - Lesser Hairy Brome
**''Bromus ramosus'' subsp. ''racemosus'' - Hairy Brome, Smooth Brome
*''Bromus rigidus'' - [[Stiff Brome]], Ripgut Brome
*''Bromus rubens'' - Red Brome, Foxtail Brome
*''Bromus scoparius'' - Broom Brome
*''Bromus secalinus'' - [[Rye Brome]], Chess, Cheat Grass
*''Bromus sitchensis'' - Alaska Brome
*''Bromus squarrosus'' - Rough Brome, Corn Brome
*''Bromus stamineus'' - Roadside Brome
*''Bromus sterilis'' - Barren Brome, Poverty Brome, Sterile Brome Grass
*''Bromus suksdorfii'' - Suksdorf's Brome
*''Bromus tectorum'' - [[Drooping Brome]], Downy Brome
*''Bromus texensis'' - Texas Brome
*''Bromus vulgaris'' - Columbia Brome
*''Bromus willdenowii'' - Rescue Brome
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Bromus}}
* [http://www.bayercropscience.co.uk/output.aspx?sec=692&con=695 Brome grasses UK]
* [http://utc.usu.edu/keys/Bromus/Bromus.html Interactive Key to Bromus of North America]
[[Category:Grasses]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Bromus''
| image = Bromus sterilis.jpeg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = [[Barren Brome]], ''Bromus sterilis''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = '''''Bromus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
About 160, see text.
}}
'''''Bromus''''' is a large [[genus]] of the grass family [[Poaceae]] with about 160 species. Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400.
== Description ==
Commonly known as brome grasses, ''Bromus'' species occur in many habitats in temperate regions of the world, including North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. There is a wide variety between some species, while the morphological differences between others are subtle and difficult to distinguish. As such, the taxonomy of the genus is complicated. The genus ''Bromus'' is distinguished from other grass genera by the combination of several morphological characteristics, including leaf sheaths that are closed (connate) for most of their length, apicals that are usually inserted subapically, and hairy appendages on the [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]]. The [[Leaf|leaves]] and sheaths can be hairless, sparsely hairy or hairy. The [[inflorescence]] is a loose or open [[panicle]], usually drooping or nodding, sometimes spreading (as in [[Japanese Brome]]).
The [[caterpillar]]s of some [[Lepidoptera]] use ''Bromus'' as a foodplant, e.g. the [[Chequered Skipper]] (''Carterocephalus palaemon'').
== Taxonomy ==
[[Taxonomy|Taxonomists]] have generated various classification schemes to reflect the morphological variation that is seen in ''Bromus''. In North America, five [[section (botany)|section]]s are generally recognized: sect. Bromus, sect. Genea, sect. Ceratochloa, sect. Neobromus, and sect. Brompsis. Sections Bromus and Genea are native to the Old World (Eurasia), but many species are introduced into North America. Sections Bromopsis, Neobromus, and Ceratochloa have several native species in North America.
== Species ==
*''Bromus aleutensis'' - [[Aleutian Brome]]
*''Bromus alopecuros'' - [[Weedy Brome]]
*''Bromus anomalus'' - [[Nodding Brome]]
*''Bromus arenarius'' - Australian Brome
*''Bromus arizonicus'' - Arizona Brome
*''Bromus arvensis'' - [[Field Brome]], Schrader's Brome
*''Bromus benekii'' - Lesser Hairy Brome
*''Bromus berterianus'' - Chilean chess
*''Bromus biebersteinii'' - Meadow Brome
*''Bromus briziformis'' - Rattlesnake Brome, Quake Grass.
*''[[Bromus bromoideus]]'' - Brome of the Ardennes
*''Bromus carinatus'' - [[California Brome]], Mountain Brome Grass
*''Bromus catharticus'' - Rescuegrass, Australian Oat
*''Bromus ciliatus'' - Fringed Brome ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''B. canadensis'')
**''Bromus ciliatus'' subsp. ''ciliatus'' - Fringed Brome
**''Bromus ciliatus'' subsp. ''richardsonii'' - Fringed Brome
*''Bromus commutatus'' - [[Meadow Brome]]
*''Bromus danthoniae''
*''Bromus diandrus'' - Great Brome, Ripgut Brome, Ripgut grass
*''Bromus erectus'' - Upright Brome, Erect Brome
*''Bromus fibrosus''
*''Bromus frondosus'' - [[Weeping Brome]]
*''Bromus grandis'' - Tall Brome
*''Bromus grossus'' - [[Great Rye Brome]], Whiskered Brome
*''[[Bromus hordeaceus]]'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''ferronii'' - Least Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''hordeaceus'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''molliformis'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''pseudothominii'' - Soft Brome
**''Bromus hordeaceus'' subsp. ''thominei'' - Lesser Soft Brome
*''Bromus inermis'' - Hungarian Brome, Smooth Brome, Awnless Brome Grass
**''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''inermis'' - Smooth Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''inermis'' var. ''divaricatus'' - Smooth Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''inermis'' var. ''inermis'' - Smooth Brome
**''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''pumpellianus'' - Pumpelly's Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''pumpellianus'' var. ''arcticus'' - Pumpelly's Brome
***''Bromus inermis'' subsp. ''pumpellianus'' var. ''pumpellianus'' - Pumpelly's Brome
[[Image:Zachte dravik Bromus mollis closeup.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Bromus mollis'']]
*''Bromus interruptus'' - Interrupted Brome
*''Bromus japonicus'' - Japanese Brome
*''Bromus kalmii'' - [[Arctic Brome]]
*''Bromus laevipes'' - Chinook Brome
*''Bromus lanatipes'' - Woolly Brome
*''Bromus lanceolatus''- Mediterranean Brome
*''Bromus latiglumis'' - Earlyleaf Brome
*''Bromus lepidus'' - Slender Soft Brome
*''Bromus luzonensis'' - Hoary Brome
*''Bromus macrostachys''
*''Bromus madritensis'' - [[Compact Brome]]
*''Bromus mango'' - Mango Brome
*''Bromus marginatus'' - Mountain Brome
*''Bromus maritimus'' - Seaside Brome
*''Bromus mollis'' - [[Bull Grass]], Soft Cheat, Soft Chess
*''Bromus mucroglumis'' - Sharpglume Brome
*''Bromus nottowayanus'' - Nottoway Valley Brome
*''Bromus orcuttianus'' - Orcutt's Brome
*''Bromus pacificus'' - [[Pacific Brome]]
*''Bromus polyanthus'' - Great Basin Brome
**''Bromus polyanthus'' subsp. ''paniculatus'' - Great Basin Brome
**''Bromus polyanthus'' subsp. ''polyanthus'' - Great Basin Brome
*''Bromus porteri'' - Porter Brome
*''Bromus pseudolaevipes'' - Coast Range Brome
*''Bromus pseudosecalinus''- False Rye Brome
*''Bromus pseudothominii'' - Hybrid Soft Brome
*''Bromus pubescens'' - Hairy Woodland Brome
*''Bromus racemosus'' - [[Smooth Brome]]
*''Bromus ramosus'' - [[Hairy Brome]]
**''Bromus ramosus'' subsp. ''benekii'' - Lesser Hairy Brome
**''Bromus ramosus'' subsp. ''racemosus'' - Hairy Brome, Smooth Brome
*''Bromus rigidus'' - [[Stiff Brome]], Ripgut Brome
*''Bromus rubens'' - Red Brome, Foxtail Brome
*''Bromus scoparius'' - Broom Brome
*''Bromus secalinus'' - [[Rye Brome]], Chess, Cheat Grass
*''Bromus sitchensis'' - Alaska Brome
*''Bromus squarrosus'' - Rough Brome, Corn Brome
*''Bromus stamineus'' - Roadside Brome
*''Bromus sterilis'' - Barren Brome, Poverty Brome, Sterile Brome Grass
*''Bromus suksdorfii'' - Suksdorf's Brome
*''Bromus tectorum'' - [[Drooping Brome]], Downy Brome
*''Bromus texensis'' - Texas Brome
*''Bromus vulgaris'' - Columbia Brome
*''Bromus willdenowii'' - Rescue Brome
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Bromus}}
* [http://www.bayercropscience.co.uk/output.aspx?sec=692&con=695 Brome grasses UK]
* [http://utc.usu.edu/keys/Bromus/Bromus.html Interactive Key to Bromus of North America]
[[Category:Grasses]]