Changes

{{Taxobox

{{SPlantbox

| color = lightgreen

|familia=Juglandaceae

| name = Walnut

|genus=Juglans

| image = Walnut twig.jpg

|common_name=Walnut

| image_width = 250px

|habit=tree

| image_caption = Shoot and nut of ''Juglans regia''

|Min ht box=10

| regnum = [[Plant]]ae

|Min ht metric=m

| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]

|Max ht box=40

| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]

|Max ht metric=m

| ordo = [[Fagales]]

|lifespan=perennial

| familia = [[Juglandaceae]]

|exposure=sun

| genus = '''''Juglans'''''

|water=moderate

| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]

|features=deciduous, edible

| subdivision_ranks = Species

|Temp Metric=°F

| subdivision = See text

|image=Walnut twig.jpg

|image_width=240

|image_caption=Shoot and nut of ''Juglans regia''

}}

}}

'''Walnuts''' (genus ''Juglans'') are [[plant]]s in the walnut family [[Juglandaceae]]. They are [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s, 10 - 40 [[metre]]s tall, with [[pinnate]] leaves 200 - 900 millimetres long, with 5 - 25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered [[pith]], a character shared with the [[wingnut]]s (''Pterocarya'') but not the [[hickory|hickories]] (''Carya'') in the same family.  

'''Walnuts''' (genus ''Juglans'') are [[plant]]s in the walnut family [[Juglandaceae]]. They are [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s, 10 - 40 [[metre]]s tall, with [[pinnate]] leaves 200 - 900 millimetres long, with 5 - 25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered [[pith]], a character shared with the [[wingnut]]s (''Pterocarya'') but not the [[hickory|hickories]] (''Carya'') in the same family.  

Walnuts are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Brown-tail]], [[Common Emerald]], [[Emperor Moth]], [[Engrailed|The Engrailed]] and the ''[[Coleophora]]'' case-bearers ''C. laticornella'' (recorded on ''J. nigra'') and ''C. pruniella''.

Walnuts are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Brown-tail]], [[Common Emerald]], [[Emperor Moth]], [[Engrailed|The Engrailed]] and the ''[[Coleophora]]'' case-bearers ''C. laticornella'' (recorded on ''J. nigra'') and ''C. pruniella''.

The word ''walnut'' derives from [[Old English language|Old English]] ''wealhhnutu'', literally "foreign nut", ''wealh'' meaning "foreign" (''wealh'' is akin to the terms [[Wiktionary:Welsh|Welsh]] and [[Vlach]]; see *''[[Walha]]'' and [[History of the term Vlach]]). The walnut was so called because it was introduced from [[Gaul]] and [[Italy]]. The Late [[Latin]] name for the walnut was ''nux Gallica'', "[[Gaul|Gallic]] nut".

The word ''walnut'' derives from Old English ''wealhhnutu'', literally "foreign nut". The walnut was so called because it was introduced from [[Gaul]] and [[Italy]]. The Late [[Latin]] name for the walnut was ''nux Gallica'', "[[Gaul|Gallic]] nut".

==Species and classification==

==Species and classification==

*''Juglans x royal'' Burbank - ''J. hindsii'' x ''J. nigra''

*''Juglans x royal'' Burbank - ''J. hindsii'' x ''J. nigra''

==Cultivation and uses==

==Cultivations==

The two most important species commercially are ''J. regia'' for timber and nuts, and ''J. nigra'' which is grown primarily for timber. Both species have similar cultivation requirements and are widely grown in temperate zones.   

The two most important species commercially are ''J. regia'' for timber and nuts, and ''J. nigra'' which is grown primarily for timber. Both species have similar cultivation requirements and are widely grown in temperate zones.   

Walnuts are not particularly well suited to smaller urban gardens. They drop numerous small twigs, leaves, branches or nuts, so are considered "messy" by some people; the falling nuts in late summer and early autumn can be quite dangerous. Both the fallen leaves and the roots secrete a substance called [[juglone]] which kills many popular garden plants, such as [[tomato]], [[apple]] and [[birch]]; all walnuts produce juglone, but Black Walnut produces larger amounts than other species. Juglone appears to be one of the walnut's primary defense mechanisms against potential competitors for resources (water, nutrients and sunlight), and its effects are felt most strongly inside the tree's "drip line" (the circle around the tree marked by the horizontal distance of its outermost branches). However, even plants at a seemingly great distance outside the drip line can be affected, and juglone can linger in the soil for many years even after a walnut is removed as its roots slowly decompose and release juglone into the soil.

Walnuts are not particularly well suited to smaller urban gardens. They drop numerous small twigs, leaves, branches or nuts, so are considered "messy" by some people; the falling nuts in late summer and early autumn can be quite dangerous. Both the fallen leaves and the roots secrete a substance called [[juglone]] which kills many popular garden plants, such as [[tomato]], [[apple]] and [[birch]]; all walnuts produce juglone, but Black Walnut produces larger amounts than other species. Juglone appears to be one of the walnut's primary defense mechanisms against potential competitors for resources (water, nutrients and sunlight), and its effects are felt most strongly inside the tree's "drip line" (the circle around the tree marked by the horizontal distance of its outermost branches). However, even plants at a seemingly great distance outside the drip line can be affected, and juglone can linger in the soil for many years even after a walnut is removed as its roots slowly decompose and release juglone into the soil.

==References==

==References==

*[http://www.walnuts.org/walnuts101/index.php Informations about history, processing and  health]

*{{wplink}}

[[Category:Fagales]]

[[Category:Fagales]]

[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]

[[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]