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Rhus typhina (view source)

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|familia=Anacardiaceae
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|genus=Rhus
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|species=typhina
 
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|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
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|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
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|image=Rhty 002 lhp.jpg
 
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|image_caption=Staghorn sumac
 
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{{Inc|
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'''''Staghorn Sumac''''' (''Rhus typhina'', synonym: ''R. hirta''), is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] to small [[tree]] in the [[Anacardiaceae]] or [[Cashew]] family, native to eastern [[North America]]. It is primarily found in Southeastern Canada, the [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] and [[Midwest|Midwestern]] United States, Southern [[Ontario]], and the [[Appalachian Mountains]]. <ref>[http://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/little/rhustyph.pdf United States Geological Survey: "Rhus Typhina Range Map" accessed 2008-03-02]</ref>
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Rhus typhina, Linn. (R. hirta, Sudw. Schmaltzia hirta, Small).  
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Staghorn Sumac. Fig. 3398. Shrub or tree, to 30 ft.: branchlets
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It grows to 3-10 m tall, and has alternate, pinnately compound [[leaf|leaves]] 25-55 cm long, each with 9-31 serrate leaflets 6-11 cm long.<ref name=Uva>Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal and Joseph M. Ditomaso, ''Weeds of The Northeast'', (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), P. 326-327.</ref> The leaf petioles and the stems are densely covered in rust-colored hairs.
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densely velvety-hairy: lfts. 11-31, oblong-lanceolate, pointed,
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serrate, glaucescent beneath, 2-5 in. long: fls. greenish, in dense
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Staghorn sumac is [[Plant_sexuality#Individual_plant_sexuality|dioecious]], and large clumps can form with either male or female plants.<ref>[http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/rhutyp/all.html  Sullivan, Janet. 1994. ''Rhus typhina''. In: Fire Effects Information System (Online). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.]</ref>  The [[fruit]] of staghorn sumac is one of the most identifiable characteristics, forming dense clusters of small red [[drupes]] at the terminal end of the branches<ref name=Uva/>; the clusters are conic, 10-20 cm long and 4-6 cm broad at the base. The plant flowers from May to July and fruit ripens from June to September. <ref>[http://www.nsl.fs.fed.us/wpsm/Rhus.pdf  USDA Forest Service: Woody Plant Seed Manual: ''Rhus''.]</ref> The foliage turns a brilliant red in autumn. The fruit has been known to last through winter and into spring.
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terminal panicles: fr. crimson, hairy. June, July; fr. Aug., Sept. Em.  
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571. s.S.3:102,103. Gn. 54, p. 505. G.F. 2:343 (adapted in Fig. 3398).  
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Que. to Ont., south to Ga., Ind., and Iowa. Var. laciniata, Wood.
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Lfts. and bracts deeply and laciniately toothed and the infl.  
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sometimes partly transformed into contorted bracts. Var. dissecta,
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Rehd. (var. laciniata, Hort.). Fig. 3399. Lfts. pinnately dissected.
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M.D.G. 1900:211. G.M. 53:827. R.H. 1907, pp. 10, 11. A very handsome
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form with finely cut foliage. R. typhina filicina, Sprenger, is
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probably not different.—The staghorn sumac grows in the driest soils
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and is a very desirable plant on account of its brilliant fall
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coloring, which in dry localities begins to show in Aug., and with its
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crimson fr.-clusters persisting through the winter. Trained in tree
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form it is very picturesque, but is short-lived.
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{{Taxobox
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Staghorn sumac spreads using its seeds, and by spreading [[rhizomes]]. This makes it so the tree forms colonies, with the oldest plants in the center, and the younger plants radiating out.<ref name=Uva/>  It grows quite aggressively.
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Rhus typhina''
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| image = Rhty 002 lhp.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = Staghorn sumac
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Sapindales]]
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| familia = [[Anacardiaceae]]
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| genus = ''[[Rhus]]''
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| species = '''''R. typhina'''''
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| binomial = ''Rhus typhina''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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}}
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'''''Staghorn Sumac''''' (''Rhus typhina'', synonym: ''R. hirta''), is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] to small [[tree]] in the [[Anacardiaceae]] or [[Cashew]] family, native to eastern [[North America]], from [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] south to northern [[Georgia (U.S. State)|Georgia]] and [[Mississippi]] [1].
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''Rhus typhina'' is a weed in parts of Australia although often confused with [[Tree of Heaven]].
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It grows to 3-10 m tall, and has alternate, pinnately compound [[leaf|leaves]] 25-55 cm long, each with 9-31 serrate leaflets 6-11 cm long [2]. The leaf petioles and the stems are densely covered in rust-colored hairs.
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{{Inc|
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Rhus typhina, Linn. (R. hirta, Sudw. Schmaltzia hirta, Small). Staghorn Sumac. Shrub or tree, to 30 ft.: branchlets densely velvety-hairy: lfts. 11-31, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, serrate, glaucescent beneath, 2-5 in. long: fls. greenish, in dense terminal panicles: fr. crimson, hairy. June, July; fr. Aug., Sept. Que. to Ont., south to Ga., Ind., and Iowa. Var. laciniata, Wood. Lfts. and bracts deeply and laciniately toothed and the infl. sometimes partly transformed into contorted bracts. Var. dissecta, Rehd. (var. laciniata, Hort.). Lfts. pinnately dissected. A very handsome form with finely cut foliage. R. typhina filicina, Sprenger, is probably not different.—The staghorn sumac grows in the driest soils and is a very desirable plant on account of its brilliant fall coloring, which in dry localities begins to show in Aug., and with its crimson fr.-clusters persisting through the winter. Trained in tree form it is very picturesque, but is short-lived.
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The [[fruit]] of staghorn sumac is one of the most identifiable characteristics, forming dense clusters of small red [[drupes]] at the terminal end of the branches [2]; the clusters are conic, 10-20 cm long and 4-6 cm broad at the base. The plant flowers from May to July and fruit ripens from June to September. <ref>Forest Service Handbook Number 450 ''Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States''</ref> The foliage turns a brilliant red in autumn.  Sumacs are considered some of the best fall foliage around. The fruit has been known to last through winter and into spring.
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==Cultivation==
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Staghorn sumac grows in gardens, lawns, the edges of forests, and wasteland. It can grow under a wide array of conditions, but is most often found in dry and poor soil on which other plants cannot survive.<ref name=Uva/> Some landscapers remove all but the top branches to create a "crown" effect in order to resemble a small palm tree.  
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Staghorn sumac spreads using its seeds, and by spreading [[rhizomes]]. This makes it so the tree forms colonies, with the oldest plants in the center, and the younger plants radiating out [2]. It grows quite aggressively.
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The [[cultivar]] 'Laciniata', '''Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac''', is grown in [[garden]]s as an ornamental plant.<ref>[http://www.bbg.org/gar2/topics/wildflower/1997wi_sumac.html Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac]</ref>
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== Cultivation and uses ==
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===Propagation===
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Staghorn sumac grows in gardens, lawns, the edges of forests, and wasteland.  It can grow under a wide array of conditions, but is most often found in dry and poor soil on which other plants cannot survive [2].
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<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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The fruit of sumacs can be collected, soaked and washed in cold water, strained, sweetened and made into a good pink [[lemonade]] [3].  The leaves and berries of staghorn sumac have been mixed with [[tobacco]] and other herbs and smoked by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes [4].  This practice continues to a small degree to this day [4].
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===Pests and diseases===
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The [[cultivar]] 'Laciniata', '''Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac''', is grown in [[garden]]s as an ornamental plant.
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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==Photographs==
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==Gallery==
 
<Gallery>
 
<Gallery>
 
Image:RhusMALE297007.jpg|Male flower cluster
 
Image:RhusMALE297007.jpg|Male flower cluster
 
Image:RhusMALEdot027.jpg|Ripening drupes on June 11, 2007
 
Image:RhusMALEdot027.jpg|Ripening drupes on June 11, 2007
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Image:Staghorn sumac.jpg|Close up ripened drupes, July 2007
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Image:Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina 'Laciniata' Fruit 2000px.jpg|'Laciniata' Fruit on November 23, 2007
 
Image:RhusMALEdotDRY.jpg|Dried "male" flower cluster on June 22, 2007
 
Image:RhusMALEdotDRY.jpg|Dried "male" flower cluster on June 22, 2007
 
Image:Sumac1222.jpg|Fall colors
 
Image:Sumac1222.jpg|Fall colors
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Image:Rhus hirta typhina Mortkaute 01.jpg‎
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Image:Rhus hirta typhina Mortkaute 02.jpg‎
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Image:Rhus hirta typhian Mortkaute 03jpg.jpg‎
 
</Gallery>
 
</Gallery>
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== References ==
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==References==
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{{commons|Rhus typhina}}
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<references/>
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{{wikispecies|Rhus typhina}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*[1] [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?31720 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Rhus typhina'']
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*[2] Richard H. Uva, Joseph C. Neal and Joseph M. Ditomaso, ''Weeds of The Northeast'', (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), Pp. 326-327.
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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*[3] Lee Allen Peterson, ''Edible Wild Plants'', (New York City: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977), P. 186.
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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*[4] [http://www.cowasuck.org/lifestyle/pipes.htm Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook-Abenaki People: The People of the White Pines: Smoking and Pipes]
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/rhhi2.htm Bioimages: ''Rhus typhina'' (as ''R. hirta'')]
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*<references/>
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Sapindales]]
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{{stub}}
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