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Rosa gallica, Linn. Upright shrub, with creeping root- stock, rarely attaining 5 ft. high: sts. usually densely covered with prickles and bristles: lfts. 3-5, leathery, broadly oval or ovate, rounded at base, usually doubly serrate with glandular teeth, rugose above, pubescent beneath, deflexed, 1-2 in. long; rachis glandular-pubescent and often prickly: fls. on rather stout, upright, glandular-hispid and bristly pedicels, deep pink to crimson, 2-3 in. across; receptacle glandular-hispid: fr. subglobose or turbinate, brick-red. June. Cent, and S. Eu., W. Asia. G.W.H. 1:89.—The following are the most important forms: Var. Agatha, Thory. With rather small, very double purple fls., the outer petals spreading, the inner ones concave. Red. Roe. (2:17, 17- 21). Var. incarnate, Rehd.( R. incarnata, Boreau, not Mill.). Lite, narrower, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong: rachis not prickly; flowering branches unarmed: fls. large, pale crimson, solitary: fr. ovoid. B.M. 7035. Var. macrantha, Hort., similar to the preceding, but fls. pale pink, finally white. Gn. 52:464. G. 29:417. R.H. 1901:548. Var. officinalis, Thory (A. provinciales, Mill. Var. plena.. Regel), is like the typical form but with double fls. W.R. 121.

Rosa gallica, Linn. Upright shrub, with creeping root- stock, rarely attaining 5 ft. high: sts. usually densely covered with prickles and bristles: lfts. 3-5, leathery, broadly oval or ovate, rounded at base, usually doubly serrate with glandular teeth, rugose above, pubescent beneath, deflexed, 1-2 in. long; rachis glandular-pubescent and often prickly: fls. on rather stout, upright, glandular-hispid and bristly pedicels, deep pink to crimson, 2-3 in. across; receptacle glandular-hispid: fr. subglobose or turbinate, brick-red. June. Cent, and S. Eu., W. Asia.—The following are the most important forms: Var. Agatha, Thory. With rather small, very double purple fls., the outer petals spreading, the inner ones concave. Var. incarnate, Rehd.( R. incarnata, Boreau, not Mill.). Lite, narrower, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong: rachis not prickly; flowering branches unarmed: fls. large, pale crimson, solitary: fr. ovoid. Var. macrantha, Hort., similar to the preceding, but fls. pale pink, finally white. Var. officinalis, Thory (A. provinciales, Mill. Var. plena.. Regel), is like the typical form but with double fls.

Var. versicolor, Thory. Rosa Mundi; also York And Lancaster Rose. Petals striped white and red. W.R. 110. Red. Ros. (2:16, 12). Var. purnila, Braun (?. austríaca, Crantz). Dwarf form, with creeping root- stock: fls. red, single. Red. Ros. (2:17, 2).

Var. versicolor, Thory. Rosa Mundi; also York And Lancaster Rose. Petals striped white and red. Var. purnila, Braun (?. austríaca, Crantz). Dwarf form, with creeping root- stock: fls. red, single.

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==Cultivation==

| color = lightgreen

The species is easily cultivated on well drained soil in full sun to semishade; it can survive temperatures down to −25 °C. It is one of the earliest cultivated species of roses, being cultivated by the Greek and Romans and it was commonly used in Mediaeval gardens. In the [[19th century]] it was the most important species of rose to be cultivated, and most modern European rose [[cultivar]]s have at least a small contribution from ''R. gallica'' in their ancestry.

| name = ''Rosa gallica''

 

| image = Wild Rosa gallica Romania.jpg

===Propagation===

| image_width = 240px

| image_caption = wild ''Rosa gallica'' in Romania

| regnum = [[Plant]]ae

| ordo = [[Rosales]]

| species = '''''R. gallica'''''

| binomial = ''Rosa gallica''

| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]

It is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] forming large patches up to two metres tall, the stems with prickles and glandular bristles. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, with three to seven bluish-green leaflets. The [[flower]]s are clustered one to four together, single with five petals, fragrant, deep pink. The [[rose hip|hips]] are globose to ovoid, 10-13 mm diameter, orange to brownish.

===Pests and diseases===

Cultivars of the species ''R. gallica'' and hybrids close in appearance are best referred to a [[Cultivar Group]] as the Gallica Group roses. The ancestry is usually unknown and the influence of other species can not be ruled out.

Cultivars of the species ''R. gallica'' and hybrids close in appearance are best referred to a [[Cultivar Group]] as the Gallica Group roses. The ancestry is usually unknown and the influence of other species can not be ruled out.

The Gallica Group roses share the vegetative characters of the species, forming low suckering shrubs. The flowers can be single, but most commonly double or semidouble. The colours range from white (rare) to pink and deep purple. All Gallica Group roses are once flowering. They are easily cultivated.

The Gallica Group roses share the vegetative characters of the species, forming low suckering shrubs. The flowers can be single, but most commonly double or semidouble. The colours range from white (rare) to pink and deep purple. All Gallica Group roses are once flowering. They are easily cultivated.

In [[2004]], a cultivar of the Gallica Group named 'Cardinal de Richelieu' was [[genetic engineering|genetically engineered]] to produce the first [[blue rose]].

In [[2004]], a cultivar of the Gallica Group named 'Cardinal de Richelieu' was [[genetic engineering|genetically engineered]] to produce the first [[blue rose]].

== References ==

==Gallery==

<gallery>

<gallery perrow=5>

Image:RosaGallicaAlainBlanchard1UME.jpg|'Alain Blanchard' (Vibert 1839)

Image:RosaGallicaAlainBlanchard1UME.jpg|'Alain Blanchard' (Vibert 1839)

Image:RosaGallicaOrnamentDeLaNature1UME.jpg|'Ornament de la Nature' (Toutain 1826)

Image:RosaGallicaOrnamentDeLaNature1UME.jpg|'Ornament de la Nature' (Toutain 1826)

</gallery>

</gallery>

[[Category:Roses]]

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963