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Rosa canina (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Rosaceae
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|genus=Rosa
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|species=canina
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|common_name=Dog Rose
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|habit=shrub
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Min ht metric=cm
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|lifespan=perennial
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|features=flowers, edible, fruit
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Rosa canina flower Luc Viatour.JPG
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Dog Rose in flower
 
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{{Inc|
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Rosa canina, Linn. Dop Rose. Upright shrub, attaining 10 ft. or more, with often recurving branches: prickles stout, hooked: lfts. 5-7, oval or elliptic, doubly serrate, glabrous or slightly pubescent or somewhat glandular beneath, 3/4 -1 1/2 in. long: fls. 1-3, light pink, on usually glabrous pedicels; sepals reflexed, caducous: fr. ovate, orange-reef, or scarlet, glabrous. June. Eu., N. Afr., W. Asia; naturalized in some localities. W.R. 126. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:284.—Much used as stock for grafting. Var. exilis, Keller (R. exilis, Crepin). Low form with small lfts. about J^in. long, and small pink fls. about 1 in. across. W.R. 127.
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Rosa canina''
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| image = Rosa canina flower Luc Viatour.JPG
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = Dog Rose in flower
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
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| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
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| subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]]
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| genus = ''[[Rose|Rosa]]''
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| species = '''''R. canina'''''
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| binomial = ''Rosa canina''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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}}
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'''''Rosa canina''''' (lit. '''Dog Rose''', often called incorrectly '''[[Rosehip]]''') is a variable scrambling [[rose]] species native to [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and western [[Asia]].
 
'''''Rosa canina''''' (lit. '''Dog Rose''', often called incorrectly '''[[Rosehip]]''') is a variable scrambling [[rose]] species native to [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and western [[Asia]].
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It is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] normally ranging in height from 1-5 m, though sometimes it can scramble higher into the crowns of taller trees. Its stems are covered with small, sharp, hooked spines, which aid it in climbing. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets. The [[flower]]s are usually pale pink, but can vary between a deep pink and white. They are 4-6 cm diameter with five petals, and mature into an oval 1.5-2 cm red-orange [[fruit]], or [[rose hip|hip]].
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It is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] normally ranging in height from 1-5 m, though sometimes it can scramble higher into the crowns of taller trees. Its stems are covered with small, sharp, hooked spines, which aid it in climbing. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets. The [[flower]]s are usually pale pink, but can vary between a deep pink and white. They are 4-6 cm diameter with five petals, and mature into an oval 1.5-2 cm red-orange [[fruit]], or [[rose hip|hip]].
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==Cultivation and uses==
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The plant is high in certain antioxidants. The fruit is noted for its high [[vitamin C]] level and is used to make [[syrup]], [[tea]] and [[marmalade]]. It has been grown or encouraged in the wild for the production of vitamin C, from its fruit (often as rose-hip syrup), especially during conditions of scarcity or wartime. The species has also been introduced to other temperate latitudes. During [[World War II]] in the [[United States]] ''Rosa canina'' was planted in [[victory garden]]s, and can still be found growing throughout the United States, including roadsides, and in wet, sandy areas up and down coastlines.
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During the Vietnam War, for Steve Arnold fighting with the North, Rosa Canina was dried and then smoked with tobacco to produce mild hallucinogenic effects and abnormal dreams.
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Forms of this plant are sometimes used as stocks for the [[grafting]] or budding of cultivated varieties.  
      
The wild plant is planted as a nurse or cover crop, or stabilising plant in land reclamation and specialised landscaping schemes.  
 
The wild plant is planted as a nurse or cover crop, or stabilising plant in land reclamation and specialised landscaping schemes.  
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Numerous [[cultivar]]s have been named, though few are common in cultivation. The cultivar ''Rosa canina'' 'Assisiensis' is the only dog rose without thorns.
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{{Inc|
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Rosa canina, Linn. Dop Rose. Upright shrub, attaining 10 ft. or more, with often recurving branches: prickles stout, hooked: lfts. 5-7, oval or elliptic, doubly serrate, glabrous or slightly pubescent or somewhat glandular beneath, 3/4 -1 1/2 in. long: fls. 1-3, light pink, on usually glabrous pedicels; sepals reflexed, caducous: fr. ovate, orange-reef, or scarlet, glabrous. June. Eu., N. Afr., W. Asia; naturalized in some localities.—Much used as stock for grafting. Var. exilis, Keller (R. exilis, Crepin). Low form with small lfts. about ?in. long, and small pink fls. about 1 in. across.
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The hips are used as a flavouring in the Slovenian soft drink [[Cockta]].
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==Cultivation==
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The dog rose was the stylized rose of Medieval European heraldry, and is still used today {{Fact|date=February 2007}}.
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The dog rose is the flower of Hampshire
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===Propagation===
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==Etymology==
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The name 'dog' has a disparaging meaning in this context, indicating 'worthless' (by comparison with cultivated garden roses) (Vedel & Lange 1960).
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Howard (1987) states that it was used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to treat the bite of [[rabies|rabid]] dogs, hence the name "dog rose" arose.<ref>Howard, Michael. ''Traditional Folk Remedies'' (Century, 1987); p133</ref>
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===Pests and diseases===
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Other old folk names include rose briar (also spelt brier), briar rose, dogberry,, herb patience, sweet briar, wild briar, witches' briar, and briar hip.
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==References==
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==Varieties==
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<references/>
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Numerous [[cultivar]]s have been named, though few are common in cultivation. The cultivar ''Rosa canina'' 'Assisiensis' is the only dog rose without thorns.
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*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rosa&SPECIES_XREF=canina&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Rosa canina'']
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*Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-40170-2.
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*Vedel, H. & Lange, J. (1960). ''Trees and bushes''. Metheun, London.
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{{Commons|Rosa canina}}
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==Gallery==
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<gallery>
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<gallery perrow=5>
 
Image:Rosa canina blatt 2005.05.26 11.50.13.jpg|Leaf with [[stipules]]
 
Image:Rosa canina blatt 2005.05.26 11.50.13.jpg|Leaf with [[stipules]]
 
Image:Rosa canina2.jpg|Flowers  
 
Image:Rosa canina2.jpg|Flowers  
 
Image:Rosa canina hips.jpg|Hips
 
Image:Rosa canina hips.jpg|Hips
 
Image:Rosa canina.jpg|Hips
 
Image:Rosa canina.jpg|Hips
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Image:Upload.png| photo
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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[[Category:Roses]]
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==References==
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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