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Rudbeckia (after the two Professors Rudbeck, father and son).
Compositae. Cone-Flower. Very attractive summer-blooming perennials or
biennials, usually with yellow flowers.
Leaves usually alternate, the blades undivided or in some species much
cut, as in the common Golden Glow: fls. both tubular and ray-like, the
former usually purplish, the latter always yellow; involucre
hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in 2-4 series; receptacle conic or
very rarely convex, with chaffy concave scales subtending the
disk-fls.; disk-fls. perfect, fertile, their corollas 5-lobed: achenes
4-angled, obtuse or truncate at the apex; pappus none or of 2-4 short
teeth.—There are about 31 species, not counting Echi- nacea, all of N.
Amer. Of these scarcely a dozen are of horticultural importance. Under
Rudbeckia are often included in nursery catalogues certain plants here
referred to Echinacea and Lepachys. These three genera form an
interesting floricultural group. Rudbeckia and Lepachys are typically
yellow-fld. genera, while Echinacea is predominately rose-purple-fld.
The chaff of the receptacle is usually persistent in Rudbeckia and
deciduous in Lepachys. Among the hardy herbaceous species, there are
several with striking habit and distinct foliage. There is a wide range
of color in the rays of wild plants and many new races are yet to be
perpetuated. Some of these with variations in the shape, color, length,
color of disk-fls., and so on may serve as the basis of many fine
forms. The season of bloom could doubtless be extended. The only full
double form, apparently, is the Golden Glow, one of the best perennials
of recent intro. Its origin is uncertain, but it appears to be a form
of R. laciniata. About 1894 John Lewis Childs found it among some
plants sent by correspondents. See Gng. 6:370. For structure of the
Rudbeckia inflorescence or head, see Vol. III, Fig. 1535.
The cone-flowers are of easy cultivation in almost any soil and
situation, from a semi-shady position to one in full sun. Most of the
species are found inhabiting moist locations, but thrive well in the
garden under the ordinary methods of cultivation, although R. laciniata
and its double form, Golden Glow, do much better if abundantly supplied
with moisture. R. hirta, the black-eyed Susan,—sometimes called by the
children out West "nigger-heads,"—will thrive in the driest hottest
situation, where many others would fail. The best known as a garden
plant, and probably the showiest, is Golden Glow. If cut back severely
when through blooming and well watered, it often produces a second crop
of flowers. Autumn Glory will be well liked when better known. It is
fine for massing and has a much longer blooming period than Golden
Glow, commencing earlier and continuing until frost. It resembles R.
nitida, an improved form of which, known as Autumn Sun, with bright
primrose-yellow flowers, is a splendid acquisition. It grows 5 to 6
feet high, blooming from August to October. R. triloba is one of the
very best, and, while a biennial, perpetuates itself through self-sown
plants. It forms a dense twiggy bush somewhat over 3 feet high and
nearly as broad if kept moderately well watered, and much smaller if in
a dry situation. These plants may be used with effect as a border to a
large bed of hybrid delphiniums, as the latter will tower above them
and bloom in their young state. By the time the delphiniums are cut
down for their second flowering, the rudbeckias hide their untidiness
and are in their prime. The flowers are somewhat like those of the
ordinary field black-eyed Susan, but smaller, and much more numerous.
While doing best in full sun, they also do remarkably well in semi-shade, as under overhanging shrubs or in shady corners such as the north side of a house would afford. They like a good open soil. When grown in the open with one stake to the center or main stem, and a string run loosely around the whole plant—being,in fact, a string hoop—catching the larger outer branches to prevent breakage by the wind at the connection with the main stem, they make a very handsome compact plant. If well soaked at the roots, they may be taken up when in full bloom, and potted in a 10-inch pot, placed in a dark sheltered place over night, and then used for decorative purposes. They remain in good form for a month in a room or on the porch if not in a draft. They may also be taken up carefully and all the soil washed from the roots, and the roots placed in a large vase filled with water, where they present a bouquet arranged as Nature intended. An effective fall-flowering group may be formed by using the lighter-colored flower forms of Hibiscus syriacus—such as Totus albus, Lady Stanley, and elegantissima—for a center or background, and interspersing groups of the taller rudbeckias (except Golden Glow, which is too tall and spreading) and boltonias next to them. In front of these place R. speciosa and R. triloba, with the blue form of Aconitum Napellus, and for a border use R. bicolor var. superba, placed well to the front to be pulled up when its bloom is past. This group will give color from July until frost. The allied Echinacea purpurea and E. angustifolia are well adapted for grouping in open bays in shrubby borders, as their flowers are extremely durable and seem in harmony with such surroundings. Rudbeckias are easily increased by seeds, cuttings, or division. (W. C. Egan.)
Index
ampla, 10. fulgida, 6. speciosa, 7.
amplexicaulis, 1. hirta, 5. subtomentosa,3.
bicolor, 4. laciniata, 10. superba, 4.
californica, 11. maxima, 9. triloba, 2.
compacta, 6. Newmanii, 7. variabilis, 6.
conspicua, 5. nitida, 8. vomerensis, 5.
R. angustifolia, Linn., ? Echinacea angustifolia.—R. Drummondii, Paxt. (Obeliscaria Drummondii, Maund.). Perennial, herbaceous: sts. slender: lvs. pinnate, the lobes linear-lanceolate, slightly jagged, acute: rays large, oblong, obtuse, reflexed, bright orange, deeply stained with dark brown at their base. N. Amer.(?). —Botanically unknown, probably some species of Lepachys. P.M. 6:51. B. 5:201.—R. pinnata, Vent., is Lepachys pinnata.—R. purpurea, Linn., is Echinacea purpurea.
Wilhelm Miller.
N. Taylor.
}}
Describe the plant here...
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
==Varieties==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
</gallery>
==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
*{{wplink}}
{{stub}}
__NOTOC__
|Min ht metric=cm
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
|image=Upload.png
|image_width=240
}}
{{Inc|
Rudbeckia (after the two Professors Rudbeck, father and son).
Compositae. Cone-Flower. Very attractive summer-blooming perennials or
biennials, usually with yellow flowers.
Leaves usually alternate, the blades undivided or in some species much
cut, as in the common Golden Glow: fls. both tubular and ray-like, the
former usually purplish, the latter always yellow; involucre
hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in 2-4 series; receptacle conic or
very rarely convex, with chaffy concave scales subtending the
disk-fls.; disk-fls. perfect, fertile, their corollas 5-lobed: achenes
4-angled, obtuse or truncate at the apex; pappus none or of 2-4 short
teeth.—There are about 31 species, not counting Echi- nacea, all of N.
Amer. Of these scarcely a dozen are of horticultural importance. Under
Rudbeckia are often included in nursery catalogues certain plants here
referred to Echinacea and Lepachys. These three genera form an
interesting floricultural group. Rudbeckia and Lepachys are typically
yellow-fld. genera, while Echinacea is predominately rose-purple-fld.
The chaff of the receptacle is usually persistent in Rudbeckia and
deciduous in Lepachys. Among the hardy herbaceous species, there are
several with striking habit and distinct foliage. There is a wide range
of color in the rays of wild plants and many new races are yet to be
perpetuated. Some of these with variations in the shape, color, length,
color of disk-fls., and so on may serve as the basis of many fine
forms. The season of bloom could doubtless be extended. The only full
double form, apparently, is the Golden Glow, one of the best perennials
of recent intro. Its origin is uncertain, but it appears to be a form
of R. laciniata. About 1894 John Lewis Childs found it among some
plants sent by correspondents. See Gng. 6:370. For structure of the
Rudbeckia inflorescence or head, see Vol. III, Fig. 1535.
The cone-flowers are of easy cultivation in almost any soil and
situation, from a semi-shady position to one in full sun. Most of the
species are found inhabiting moist locations, but thrive well in the
garden under the ordinary methods of cultivation, although R. laciniata
and its double form, Golden Glow, do much better if abundantly supplied
with moisture. R. hirta, the black-eyed Susan,—sometimes called by the
children out West "nigger-heads,"—will thrive in the driest hottest
situation, where many others would fail. The best known as a garden
plant, and probably the showiest, is Golden Glow. If cut back severely
when through blooming and well watered, it often produces a second crop
of flowers. Autumn Glory will be well liked when better known. It is
fine for massing and has a much longer blooming period than Golden
Glow, commencing earlier and continuing until frost. It resembles R.
nitida, an improved form of which, known as Autumn Sun, with bright
primrose-yellow flowers, is a splendid acquisition. It grows 5 to 6
feet high, blooming from August to October. R. triloba is one of the
very best, and, while a biennial, perpetuates itself through self-sown
plants. It forms a dense twiggy bush somewhat over 3 feet high and
nearly as broad if kept moderately well watered, and much smaller if in
a dry situation. These plants may be used with effect as a border to a
large bed of hybrid delphiniums, as the latter will tower above them
and bloom in their young state. By the time the delphiniums are cut
down for their second flowering, the rudbeckias hide their untidiness
and are in their prime. The flowers are somewhat like those of the
ordinary field black-eyed Susan, but smaller, and much more numerous.
While doing best in full sun, they also do remarkably well in semi-shade, as under overhanging shrubs or in shady corners such as the north side of a house would afford. They like a good open soil. When grown in the open with one stake to the center or main stem, and a string run loosely around the whole plant—being,in fact, a string hoop—catching the larger outer branches to prevent breakage by the wind at the connection with the main stem, they make a very handsome compact plant. If well soaked at the roots, they may be taken up when in full bloom, and potted in a 10-inch pot, placed in a dark sheltered place over night, and then used for decorative purposes. They remain in good form for a month in a room or on the porch if not in a draft. They may also be taken up carefully and all the soil washed from the roots, and the roots placed in a large vase filled with water, where they present a bouquet arranged as Nature intended. An effective fall-flowering group may be formed by using the lighter-colored flower forms of Hibiscus syriacus—such as Totus albus, Lady Stanley, and elegantissima—for a center or background, and interspersing groups of the taller rudbeckias (except Golden Glow, which is too tall and spreading) and boltonias next to them. In front of these place R. speciosa and R. triloba, with the blue form of Aconitum Napellus, and for a border use R. bicolor var. superba, placed well to the front to be pulled up when its bloom is past. This group will give color from July until frost. The allied Echinacea purpurea and E. angustifolia are well adapted for grouping in open bays in shrubby borders, as their flowers are extremely durable and seem in harmony with such surroundings. Rudbeckias are easily increased by seeds, cuttings, or division. (W. C. Egan.)
Index
ampla, 10. fulgida, 6. speciosa, 7.
amplexicaulis, 1. hirta, 5. subtomentosa,3.
bicolor, 4. laciniata, 10. superba, 4.
californica, 11. maxima, 9. triloba, 2.
compacta, 6. Newmanii, 7. variabilis, 6.
conspicua, 5. nitida, 8. vomerensis, 5.
R. angustifolia, Linn., ? Echinacea angustifolia.—R. Drummondii, Paxt. (Obeliscaria Drummondii, Maund.). Perennial, herbaceous: sts. slender: lvs. pinnate, the lobes linear-lanceolate, slightly jagged, acute: rays large, oblong, obtuse, reflexed, bright orange, deeply stained with dark brown at their base. N. Amer.(?). —Botanically unknown, probably some species of Lepachys. P.M. 6:51. B. 5:201.—R. pinnata, Vent., is Lepachys pinnata.—R. purpurea, Linn., is Echinacea purpurea.
Wilhelm Miller.
N. Taylor.
}}
Describe the plant here...
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
==Varieties==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
</gallery>
==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
*{{wplink}}
{{stub}}
__NOTOC__