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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Asteraceae
|genus=Rudbeckia
|Min ht metric=cm
|Min ht metric=cm
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
|image=Upload.png
|image=Black eyed susan 20040717 110754 2.1474.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
|image_caption=Rudbeckia hirta ("Black-eyed Susan") flowerhead
}}
}}
'''''Rudbeckia''''' ({{pron-en|rʌdˈbɛkiə}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is one of at least four [[genus|genera]] within the [[flowering plant]] family [[Asteraceae]] whose members are commonly known as [[coneflower]]s; the others are ''[[Echinacea]]'', ''[[Dracopis]]'' and ''Ratibida''.
They are [[herbaceous]], mostly [[perennial plant]]s (some [[annual plant|annual]] or [[biennial plant|biennial]]) growing to 0.5-3 m tall, with simple or branched stems. The [[leaf|leaves]] are spirally arranged, entire to deeply lobed, 5-25 cm long. The [[flower]]s are produced in [[daisy]]-like [[inflorescence]]s, with yellow or orange florets arranged in a prominent, cone-shaped head; "cone-shaped" because the ray florets tend to point out and down (are decumbent) as the flower head opens.
A large number of [[species]] have been proposed within ''Rudbeckia'', but most are now regarded as [[synonym (biology)|synonym]]s of the limited list given below. Several of these currently accepted species have several accepted varieties. Some of them (for example the [[Black-eyed Susan]], ''R. hirta''), are popular garden flowers, distinguished for their long flowering times. There are many [[cultivar]]s of these species.
''Rudbeckia'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Cabbage Moth]] and [[Dot Moth]].
The name was given by Carolus Linneaus in honor of his teacher at Uppsala University, Professor [[Olof Rudbeck the Younger]] (1660-1740), and his father, Professor [[Olof Rudbeck the Elder]] (1630-1702), both of whom were botanists.
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Rudbeckia (after the two Professors Rudbeck, father and son).
Rudbeckia (after the two Professors Rudbeck, father and son).
Compositae. Cone-Flower. Very attractive summer-blooming perennials or
Compositae. Cone-Flower. Very attractive summer-blooming perennials or
biennials, usually with yellow flowers.
biennials, usually with yellow flowers.
Leaves usually alternate, the blades undivided or in some species much
Leaves usually alternate, the blades undivided or in some species much
cut, as in the common Golden Glow: fls. both tubular and ray-like, the
cut, as in the common Golden Glow: fls. both tubular and ray-like, the
former usually purplish, the latter always yellow; involucre
former usually purplish, the latter always yellow; involucre
hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in 2-4 series; receptacle conic or
hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in 2-4 series; receptacle conic or
very rarely convex, with chaffy concave scales subtending the
very rarely convex, with chaffy concave scales subtending the
disk-fls.; disk-fls. perfect, fertile, their corollas 5-lobed: achenes
disk-fls.; disk-fls. perfect, fertile, their corollas 5-lobed: achenes
4-angled, obtuse or truncate at the apex; pappus none or of 2-4 short
4-angled, obtuse or truncate at the apex; pappus none or of 2-4 short
teeth.—There are about 31 species, not counting Echi- nacea, all of N.
teeth.—There are about 31 species, not counting Echi- nacea, all of N.
Amer. Of these scarcely a dozen are of horticultural importance. Under
Amer. Of these scarcely a dozen are of horticultural importance. Under
Rudbeckia are often included in nursery catalogues certain plants here
Rudbeckia are often included in nursery catalogues certain plants here
referred to Echinacea and Lepachys. These three genera form an
referred to Echinacea and Lepachys. These three genera form an
interesting floricultural group. Rudbeckia and Lepachys are typically
interesting floricultural group. Rudbeckia and Lepachys are typically
yellow-fld. genera, while Echinacea is predominately rose-purple-fld.
yellow-fld. genera, while Echinacea is predominately rose-purple-fld.
The chaff of the receptacle is usually persistent in Rudbeckia and
The chaff of the receptacle is usually persistent in Rudbeckia and
deciduous in Lepachys. Among the hardy herbaceous species, there are
deciduous in Lepachys. Among the hardy herbaceous species, there are
several with striking habit and distinct foliage. There is a wide range
several with striking habit and distinct foliage. There is a wide range
of color in the rays of wild plants and many new races are yet to be
of color in the rays of wild plants and many new races are yet to be
perpetuated. Some of these with variations in the shape, color, length,
perpetuated. Some of these with variations in the shape, color, length,
color of disk-fls., and so on may serve as the basis of many fine
color of disk-fls., and so on may serve as the basis of many fine
forms. The season of bloom could doubtless be extended. The only full
forms. The season of bloom could doubtless be extended. The only full
double form, apparently, is the Golden Glow, one of the best perennials
double form, apparently, is the Golden Glow, one of the best perennials
of recent intro. Its origin is uncertain, but it appears to be a form
of recent intro. Its origin is uncertain, but it appears to be a form
of R. laciniata. About 1894 John Lewis Childs found it among some
of R. laciniata. About 1894 John Lewis Childs found it among some
plants sent by correspondents. See Gng. 6:370. For structure of the
plants sent by correspondents. See Gng. 6:370. For structure of the
Rudbeckia inflorescence or head, see Vol. III, Fig. 1535.
Rudbeckia inflorescence or head, see Vol. III, Fig. 1535.
The cone-flowers are of easy cultivation in almost any soil and
The cone-flowers are of easy cultivation in almost any soil and
situation, from a semi-shady position to one in full sun. Most of the
situation, from a semi-shady position to one in full sun. Most of the
species are found inhabiting moist locations, but thrive well in the
species are found inhabiting moist locations, but thrive well in the
garden under the ordinary methods of cultivation, although R. laciniata
garden under the ordinary methods of cultivation, although R. laciniata
and its double form, Golden Glow, do much better if abundantly supplied
and its double form, Golden Glow, do much better if abundantly supplied
with moisture. R. hirta, the black-eyed Susan,—sometimes called by the
with moisture. R. hirta, the black-eyed Susan,—sometimes called by the
children out West "nigger-heads,"—will thrive in the driest hottest
children out West "nigger-heads,"—will thrive in the driest hottest
situation, where many others would fail. The best known as a garden
situation, where many others would fail. The best known as a garden
plant, and probably the showiest, is Golden Glow. If cut back severely
plant, and probably the showiest, is Golden Glow. If cut back severely
when through blooming and well watered, it often produces a second crop
when through blooming and well watered, it often produces a second crop
of flowers. Autumn Glory will be well liked when better known. It is
of flowers. Autumn Glory will be well liked when better known. It is
fine for massing and has a much longer blooming period than Golden
fine for massing and has a much longer blooming period than Golden
Glow, commencing earlier and continuing until frost. It resembles R.
Glow, commencing earlier and continuing until frost. It resembles R.
nitida, an improved form of which, known as Autumn Sun, with bright
nitida, an improved form of which, known as Autumn Sun, with bright
primrose-yellow flowers, is a splendid acquisition. It grows 5 to 6
primrose-yellow flowers, is a splendid acquisition. It grows 5 to 6
N. Taylor.
N. Taylor.
}}
}}
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
==Varieties==
==Species==
* ''[[Rudbeckia alpicola]]'' Showy Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia auriculata]]'' Eared Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia bicolor]]'' Pinewoods Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia californica]]'' California Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia fulgida]]'' Orange Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia glaucescens]]'' Waxy Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia graminifolia]]'' Grassleaf Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia grandiflora]]'' Rough Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia heliopsidis]]'' Sunfacing Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia hirta]]'' Black-eyed Susan
* ''[[Rudbeckia klamathensis]]'' Klamath Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia laciniata]]'' Cutleaf Coneflower, Green-head Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia maxima]]'' Great Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia missouriensis]]'' Missouri Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia mohrii]]'' Mohr's Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia mollis]]'' Softhair Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia montana]]'' Montane Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia nitida]]'' Shiny Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia occidentalis]]'' Western Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia pinnata]]'' Grey-headed Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia scabrifolia]]'' Roughleaf Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia serotina]]''
* ''[[Rudbeckia speciosa]]'' Showy Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia subtomentosa]]'' Sweet Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia texana]]'' Texas Coneflower
* ''[[Rudbeckia triloba]]'' Brown-eyed Susan
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Rudbeckiahirta1web.jpg|''Rudbeckia hirta''
Image:Rudbeckia.JPG|Prairie restoration
Image:Rudbeckia_089aweb.jpg|"Hirta"
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
</gallery>
</gallery>