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Narcissus (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Amaryllidaceae
 
|genus=Narcissus
 
|genus=Narcissus
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|common_name=Daffodil, Narcissus
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|habit=bulbous
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|poisonous=yes
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|lifespan=perennial
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|exposure=sun
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|features=flowers
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Yellow daffodils - floriade canberra.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_width=200
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|image_caption='King Alfred' Daffodils
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Narcissus''' is the botanic name for a [[genus]] of hardy, mostly spring-flowering, [[bulb]]s. There are several ''Narcissus'' species that bloom in the autumn.  '''Daffodil''' is a common English name, sometimes used now for all narcissus.  They are mostly native to the [[Mediterranean]] region, but a few [[species]] are found through [[Central Asia]] to [[China]]. The range of forms in cultivation has been heavily modified and extended, with new variations available in nurseries practically every year.
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All ''Narcissus'' species have a central trumpet-shaped [[corona (disambiguation)|corona]] surrounded by a ring of [[petal]]s. The traditional daffodil has a golden yellow color all over, but the corona may often feature a contrasting color such as that of a slice of lime. Breeders have developed some daffodils with a double or triple row of petals, making them resemble a small golden ball. Other cultivars have frilled petals, or an elongated or compressed central corona.
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Daffodils are poisonous, and if eaten could result in death.<ref>[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/n/narcis01.html The poisonous qualities of daffodils]</ref>
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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== Species ==
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{{Expand|date=January 2007}}
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*''[[Narcissus bulbocodium]]''
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*''[[Narcissus cyclamineus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus minor]]''
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*''[[Narcissus papyraceus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus poeticus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus pseudonarcissus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus tazetta]]''
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*''[[Narcissus triandrus]]''
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Paper whites refer to the species ''[[Narcissus papyraceus]]''.
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[[Image:Jonquil flowers05.jpg|thumb|300px||Jonquil flowers.]]
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The horticultural divisions include:
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*Trumpet daffodils
 +
*Large-cupped daffodils
 +
*Small-cupped daffodils
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*Double daffodils
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*Triandrus daffodils
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*Cyclamineus daffodils
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*Jonquilla daffodils
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*Tazetta (Poetaz or Bunch-flowered) daffodils
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*Poeticus (Poet's) daffodils
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*Bulbocodium daffodils
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*Split-corona daffodils
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*Other daffodils which don't fit the above divisions
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*Species and wild hybrids
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*Miniature daffodils are found in all divisions.
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Jonquil flowers06.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Jonquil flowers08.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Jonquil flowers07.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Jonquil flowers02.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Narcissus pseudonarcissus0.jpg|''Narcissus pseudonarcissus''
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Image:Narcissi.jpg|''Narcissus tazetta''
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Image:Narcissus bulbocodium bulbocodium0.jpg|''Narcissus bulbocodium'' ssp. ''bulbocodium''
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Image:Narcissus poeticus actaea0.jpg|''Narcissus poeticus'' 'Actaea'
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Image:Jonquil flowers.jpg|Jonquil Flowers
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Image:Narcis geel vdg.jpg|''Narcissus'' 'Tahiti'
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Image:Yellow Narcissus.JPG|Narcissus (yellow)
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Image:IMG_2525.JPG
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Image:WhiteYellow_Daffodil_Island.jpg|White and yellow Narcissus
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Image:Yellow w-orange Daffodil4-10-06.jpg|Yellow Daffodil
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Image:Paperwhite_flowers.jpg|''[[Narcissus papyraceus]]'' 'Paperwhite'
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Image:Daffodil Narcissus.jpg|''Daffodil Narcissus'' on [[Vancouver Island]]
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</gallery>
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==Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture==
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Narcissus (name probably derived from the story of the youth Narcissus, in mythology). Amaryllidaceae. Narcissus. Daffodil. Well known and desirable mostly spring-blooming bulbs, hardy and also used for forcing.
 
Narcissus (name probably derived from the story of the youth Narcissus, in mythology). Amaryllidaceae. Narcissus. Daffodil. Well known and desirable mostly spring-blooming bulbs, hardy and also used for forcing.
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(a) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus (Lent lily).
 
(a) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus (Lent lily).
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    minimus princeps
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minimus princeps
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    tortuosus Golden Spur
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tortuosus Golden Spur
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    obvallaris (Tenby  daffodil) Henry Irving
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obvallaris (Tenby  daffodil) Henry Irving
 
.
 
.
 
(b) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
 
(b) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
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    Horsfieldii King Alfred
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Horsfieldii King Alfred
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    maximus
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maximus
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    Victoria
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Victoria
    
(c) Narcissus Bulbocodium (the hoop-petticoat daffodil).
 
(c) Narcissus Bulbocodium (the hoop-petticoat daffodil).
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    Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
+
Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
    
Emperor Rugilobus
 
Emperor Rugilobus
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(d) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
 
(d) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
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    Glory of Leiden  
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Glory of Leiden  
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    Madame de Graaff  
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Madame de Graaff  
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    Madame Plemp
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Madame Plemp
    
(e) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
 
(e) Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
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    Grandee
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Grandee
    
Section II. Medium-crowned Class.  
 
Section II. Medium-crowned Class.  
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(b) Narcissus Leedsii.
 
(b) Narcissus Leedsii.
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    amabilis
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amabilis
 
Beatrice
 
Beatrice
    
(c) Narcissus Leedsii, Barrii and others.
 
(c) Narcissus Leedsii, Barrii and others.
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      Duchesse de Brabant
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Duchesse de Brabant
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      Mrs. Langtry
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Mrs. Langtry
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      C. J. Backhouse
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C. J. Backhouse
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      Stella         
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Stella         
   −
      Duchess of Westminster
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Duchess of Westminster
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      Minnie Hume
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Minnie Hume
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      Cynosure     
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Cynosure     
      −
      Grand Duchess
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Grand Duchess
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      White Lady         
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White Lady         
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      Sir Watkin
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Sir Watkin
    
                          
 
                          
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(e) Narcissus poeticus.
 
(e) Narcissus poeticus.
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    Recurvus (pheasant's eye)
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Recurvus (pheasant's eye)
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    Patellaria
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Patellaria
 
    
 
    
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    King Edward VII  
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King Edward VII  
 
    
 
    
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    ornatus
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ornatus
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Growing bulbs in water on pebbles.— Recently much interest has been taken in growing narcissus bulbs in vessels containing water and pebbles. The culture is simple, and such bulbs may be readily grown under dwelling-house conditions. The bulbs should be placed in shallow jardinieres or saucers with clean white pebbles arranged around them to keep them in position and to hold them up. The jardinieres should be kept supplied with water sufficient to keep the roots submerged. Narcissus Tazetta var. papyraceus (paper- white narcissus) and N. Tazetta var. orientalis (Chinese sacred lily) are the most popular and useful for this purpose.
 
Growing bulbs in water on pebbles.— Recently much interest has been taken in growing narcissus bulbs in vessels containing water and pebbles. The culture is simple, and such bulbs may be readily grown under dwelling-house conditions. The bulbs should be placed in shallow jardinieres or saucers with clean white pebbles arranged around them to keep them in position and to hold them up. The jardinieres should be kept supplied with water sufficient to keep the roots submerged. Narcissus Tazetta var. papyraceus (paper- white narcissus) and N. Tazetta var. orientalis (Chinese sacred lily) are the most popular and useful for this purpose.
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Narcissus''
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| image = Yellow daffodils - floriade canberra.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = 'King Alfred' Daffodils, [[Floriade, Canberra]], 2005
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| familia = [[Amaryllidaceae]]
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| genus = '''''Narcissus'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text.
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}}
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'''Narcissus''' is the botanic name for a [[genus]] of hardy, mostly spring-flowering, [[bulb]]s. There are several ''Narcissus'' species that bloom in the autumn.  '''Daffodil''' is a common English name, sometimes used now for all narcissus.  They are mostly native to the [[Mediterranean]] region, but a few [[species]] are found through [[Central Asia]] to [[China]]. The range of forms in cultivation has been heavily modified and extended, with new variations available in nurseries practically every year. 
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==Etymology==
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The name Narcissus is derived from that of the narcissistic youth of Greek mythology called [[Narcissus (mythology)|Narkissos]].  "Narcissi" is sometimes given in dictionaries as the grammatically correct plural of "Narcissus". However the American Daffodil Society prefers the use of "Narcissus" for both singular and plural. (the [[Webster's Third New International Dictionary]] gives "Narcissus", "Narcissuses" and lastly "Narcissi" as plural forms). Narcissus are sometimes called '''jonquils''' in [[North America]], particularly in the Southeastern United States, but strictly speaking that name belongs only to the rush-leaved ''[[Narcissus jonquilla]]'' and cultivars derived from it.
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The name Daffodil is derived from an earlier "Affodell", a variant of [[Asphodel]]. The reason for the introduction of the initial "d" is not known, although a probable source is an etymological merging from the Dutch article "de," as in "De affodil".  From at least the sixteenth century  "Daffadown Dilly" or "daffadown dilly" has appeared as a playful synonym of the name.
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Paper whites refer to the species ''[[Narcissus papyraceus]]''.
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==Description==
  −
All ''Narcissus'' species have a central trumpet-shaped [[corona (disambiguation)|corona]] surrounded by a ring of [[petal]]s. The traditional daffodil has a golden yellow color all over, but the corona may often feature a contrasting color such as that of a slice of lime. Breeders have developed some daffodils with a double or triple row of petals, making them resemble a small golden ball. Other cultivars have frilled petals, or an elongated or compressed central corona.
  −
  −
Daffodils are poisonous, and if eaten could result in death.<ref>[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/n/narcis01.html The poisonous qualities of daffodils]</ref>
  −
  −
== Species ==
  −
{{Expand|date=January 2007}}
  −
*''[[Narcissus bulbocodium]]''
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*''[[Narcissus cyclamineus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus minor]]''
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*''[[Narcissus papyraceus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus poeticus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus pseudonarcissus]]''
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*''[[Narcissus tazetta]]''
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*''[[Narcissus triandrus]]''
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==Popular culture==
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The daffodil serves as the national flower of [[Wales]]. One species, ''[[Narcissus obvallaris]]'', grows only in a small area around [[Tenby]]. In [[Wales]] it is traditional to wear a daffodil on [[Saint David's Day]] ([[March 1]]).
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In some countries the yellow variation is associated with easter.
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The flower is a common decoration flower during Chinese New Year.
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[[William Wordsworth]]'s short poem "[[I wandered lonely as a cloud]]" has often become linked in the popular mind with the daffodils which form its main image.
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In the movie [[Big Fish]], Edward Bloom plants a field of Daffodils outside of Sandra Templeton's window in order to win her heart.
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Various Cancer Societies around the world use the Daffodil as fundraising symbol.  "Daffodil Days" are organised to raise funds
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by offering the flowers in return for a donation.
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*[http://www.cancer.org/daffo
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dils [[American Cancer Society]] Daffodil Day]
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*[http://www.daffodilday.org.nz/  [[New Zealand Cancer Society]] Daffodil Day]
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*[http://www.daffodilday.com.au/ [[The Cancer Council Australia]] Daffodil Day]
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[[Image:Jonquil flowers05.jpg|thumb|300px||Jonquil flowers.]]
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The horticultural divisions include:
  −
*Trumpet daffodils
  −
*Large-cupped daffodils
  −
*Small-cupped daffodils
  −
*Double daffodils
  −
*Triandrus daffodils
  −
*Cyclamineus daffodils
  −
*Jonquilla daffodils
  −
*Tazetta (Poetaz or Bunch-flowered) daffodils
  −
*Poeticus (Poet's) daffodils
  −
*Bulbocodium daffodils
  −
*Split-corona daffodils
  −
*Other daffodils which don't fit the above divisions
  −
*Species and wild hybrids
  −
*Miniature daffodils are found in all divisions.
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<br clear=all />
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<gallery>
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Image:Jonquil flowers06.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Jonquil flowers08.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Jonquil flowers07.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Jonquil flowers02.jpg|White Jonquil
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Image:Narcissus pseudonarcissus0.jpg|''Narcissus pseudonarcissus''
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Image:Narcissi.jpg|''Narcissus tazetta''
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Image:Narcissus bulbocodium bulbocodium0.jpg|''Narcissus bulbocodium'' ssp. ''bulbocodium''
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Image:Narcissus poeticus actaea0.jpg|''Narcissus poeticus'' 'Actaea'
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Image:Jonquil flowers.jpg|Jonquil Flowers
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Image:Narcis geel vdg.jpg|''Narcissus'' 'Tahiti'
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Image:Yellow Narcissus.JPG|Narcissus (yellow)
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Image:IMG_2525.JPG
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Image:OrangeWhite&Yellow Daffodils 4-14-06.jpg|Narcissus (orange and white)
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Image:WhiteYellow_Daffodil_Island.jpg|White and yellow Narcissus
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Image:Yellow w-orange Daffodil4-10-06.jpg|Yellow Daffodil
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Image:Paperwhite_flowers.jpg|''[[Narcissus papyraceus]]'' 'Paperwhite'
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Image:Daffodil Narcissus.jpg|''Daffodil Narcissus'' on [[Vancouver Island]]
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</gallery>
      
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 +
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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== External links ==
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==External links==
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*[http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/alamance/gardening/2002/mar/3.html Difference between daffodil and narcissus], see first paragraph
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.keesbevaart.nl/historicaldaffodils Historical Daffodils]
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*[[I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud]] by William Wordsworth
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{{Commons|Narcissus}}
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[[Category:Asparagales]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Flowers]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Liliales]]
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[[Category:Garden plants]]
 
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