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| | {{SPlantbox | | {{SPlantbox |
| − | |genus=Anise | + | |familia=Apiaceae |
| | + | |genus=Pimpinella |
| | + | |species=anisum |
| | + | |common_name=Anise |
| | |Temp Metric=°F | | |Temp Metric=°F |
| | |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! | | |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! |
| − | |image=Upload.png | + | |image=Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg |
| − | |image_width=240 | + | |image_width=200 |
| | }} | | }} |
| | + | {{dablink|This article is about the ''[[Pimpinella]]'' species, but the name "anise" is frequently applied to [[Fennel]].}} |
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| | + | '''Anise''' or '''Aniseed''', less commonly '''anís''' (stressed on the second syllable) (''Pimpinella anisum'') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Apiaceae]], native to the eastern [[Mediterranean region]] and southwest [[Asia]]. It is a [[herbaceous]] [[annual plant]] growing to 1m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] at the base of the plant are simple, 2-5 cm long and shallowly lobed, while leaves higher on the stems are feathery pinnate, divided into numerous leaflets. The [[flower]]s are white, 3 mm diameter, produced in dense [[umbel]]s. The [[fruit]] is an oblong dry [[schizocarp]], 3-5 mm long. |
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| | + | ''Pimpinella'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[lime-speck pug]] and [[wormwood pug]]. |
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| | {{Inc| | | {{Inc| |
| | Anise. Umbelliferae. An aromatic condimental and medicinal herb. | | Anise. Umbelliferae. An aromatic condimental and medicinal herb. |
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| | Anise (Pimpinella Anisum, Linn.) is an annual, easily grown from seeds in any warm and mellow soil. The seeds are commonly sown where the plants are to stand, and the plant matures rapidly. The seeds are used in medicine and in cookery, and for flavoring liquors; they yield a highly perfumed essential oil; they arc mostly grown in Mediterranean countries. The Lvs. are also used as seasoning and garnishing. The plant reaches a height of 2 ft. or less, bears twice-pinnate Lvs. and small yellowish white fls. in large, loose umbels. The seeds are oblong and curved, ribbed on the convex side, grayish, the size of caraway seed. In common with all umbelliferous seed, anise seed does not retain its vitality long, the normal longevity being 1-3 years. Native from Greece to Egypt. | | Anise (Pimpinella Anisum, Linn.) is an annual, easily grown from seeds in any warm and mellow soil. The seeds are commonly sown where the plants are to stand, and the plant matures rapidly. The seeds are used in medicine and in cookery, and for flavoring liquors; they yield a highly perfumed essential oil; they arc mostly grown in Mediterranean countries. The Lvs. are also used as seasoning and garnishing. The plant reaches a height of 2 ft. or less, bears twice-pinnate Lvs. and small yellowish white fls. in large, loose umbels. The seeds are oblong and curved, ribbed on the convex side, grayish, the size of caraway seed. In common with all umbelliferous seed, anise seed does not retain its vitality long, the normal longevity being 1-3 years. Native from Greece to Egypt. |
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| | + | ==Cultivation== |
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| | + | ===Propagation=== |
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| − | {{dablink|This article is about the ''[[Pimpinella]]'' species, but the name "anise" is frequently applied to [[Fennel]].}}
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| − | {{Taxobox
| + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
| − | | color = lightgreen
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| − | | name = Anise
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| − | | image = Koehler1887-PimpinellaAnisum.jpg
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| − | | image_width = 240px
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| − | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| − | | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| − | | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| − | | ordo = [[Apiales]]
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| − | | familia = [[Apiaceae]]
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| − | | genus = ''[[Pimpinella]]''
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| − | | species = '''''P. anisum'''''
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| − | | binomial = ''Pimpinella anisum''
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| − | | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| − | }}
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| − | '''Anise''' or '''Aniseed''', less commonly '''anís''' (stressed on the second syllable) (''Pimpinella anisum'') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Apiaceae]], native to the eastern [[Mediterranean region]] and southwest [[Asia]]. It is a [[herbaceous]] [[annual plant]] growing to 1m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] at the base of the plant are simple, 2-5 cm long and shallowly lobed, while leaves higher on the stems are feathery pinnate, divided into numerous leaflets. The [[flower]]s are white, 3 mm diameter, produced in dense [[umbel]]s. The [[fruit]] is an oblong dry [[schizocarp]], 3-5 mm long.
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| − | ''Pimpinella'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[lime-speck pug]] and [[wormwood pug]].
| + | ==Varieties== |
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| − | ==Recreational Uses==
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| − | Anise can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both [[hunting]] and [[fishing]]. Anise smells similar to [[liquorice]] and is put on [[fishing lures]] to attract [[fish]]. [[Anethole]], the principal component of anise oil is a precursor that can eventually produce [[2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde]] which is used in the clandestine synthesis of [[psychedelic drugs]] such as [[2C-B]], [[2C-I]] and [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine|DOB]].<ref>{{cite journal
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| − | | coauthors = Dieter Waumans, Noël Bruneel, Jan Tytgat
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| − | | title = Anise Oil as a Precursor for 2-Alkoxy-5-methoxybenzaldehydes
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| − | | journal = DEA Microgram Journal
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| − | | volume = 2
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| − | | issue = 1
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| − | | url = http://www.dea.gov/programs/forensicsci/microgram/journal2004/page4.html
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| − | | accessdate = 2006-12-09 }}</ref>
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| − | Anise is also the main flavor of [[Absinthe]] as well as being used as a flavoring for [[pastis]], [[ouzo]], [[sambuca]], [[Raki (alcoholic beverage)|rakı]], [[Becherovka]], and other liqueurs.
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| − | ===Culinary Uses===
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| − | *Aniseed is used to make the British confectionary [[Aniseed ball]]s and the old fashioned New Zealand confectionary, Aniseed wheels.
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| − | *Aniseed is also used to make the [[Mexican]] drink [[atole]] called [[champurrado_%28beverage%29|champurrado]] (similar to hot chocolate).
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| − | *Anise oil is used to make Italian cookies called [[pizzelle]]s, and used in the frosting of yellow Italian cake-like cookies called "Drops" or "Anise Drops
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| − | *Anise flavouring is used in the Norwegian candy pills "Knott", produced by [[Nidar]].
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| − | *Anise (Saunf,Badi-Sheb) is used in India as a digestive after meals.
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| − | == Medicinal Uses == | + | ==Gallery== |
| − | *Anise leaves are used to treat digestive problems, to relieve toothache, and its [[essential oil]] is used to treat [[lice]] and [[scabies]].
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| − | *In [[aromatherapy]], aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu. It is being researched for the treatment of [[H5N1|bird flu]] as well. [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/health_science/articles/2005/11/14/ancient_herbal_medicine_boosts_influenza_arsenal/]
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| − | *In [[India]], aniseed (Saunf in [[Hindi]]) is also used as mouth freshener. It is also used for flavouring some foods.
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| − | *According to [[Pliny the Elder]], anise was used as a cure for sleeplessness, chewed with [[alexanders]] and a little honey in the morning to freshen the breath, and when mixed with wine as a remedy for scorpion stings ([[Natural History (Pliny)|N.H.]] 20.72).
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| − | *In the Middle East, aniseed is used in producing alcoholic beverages, such as [[Arak]] (Morocco) and [[Ouzo]] (Greece).
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| − | *In Thailand it is used to flavor [[tea]].
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| − | == Spice Type == | + | <gallery perrow=5> |
| − | Sweet and very aromatic. Anise contains [[liquorice]] like components. <ref>http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Pimp_ani.html</ref>
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 |
| | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 |
| | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 |
| | + | </gallery> |
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| − | == References == | + | ==References== |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| | + | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> |
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| − | {{Herbs & spices}} | + | ==External links== |
| | + | *{{wplink}} |
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| − | [[Category:Apiaceae]]
| + | {{stub}} |
| − | [[Category:Fl
| + | __NOTOC__ |
| − | ora of Asia]]
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| − | [[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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| − | [[Category:Spices]]
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