Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki

Changes

Artocarpus (view source)

Revision as of 01:51, 28 January 2010

497 bytes removed ,  01:51, 28 January 2010
no edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:  
{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
 +
|familia=Moraceae
 
|genus=Artocarpus
 
|genus=Artocarpus
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
−
|image=Upload.png
+
|image=Artocarpus.altilis1web.jpg
−
|image_width=240
+
|image_width=180
 +
|image_caption=Breadfruit (''Artocarpus communis'')
 
}}
 
}}
 +
'''''Artocarpus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 60 trees of Southeast [[Asia]]n origin and the Pacific, belonging to the [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] family, [[Moraceae]].
 +
 +
All ''Artocarpus'' species are laticiferous [[tree]]s or [[shrub]]s whose leaves, twigs and the stem can produce a milky [[sap]].  They are [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]], with unisexual [[flower]]s, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous [[fruit]], which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated [[Leaf|leaves]] vary from small and entire (''[[Artocarpus integer]]'') to large and lobed (''[[Artocarpus altilis]]''). The cordate leaves of ''A. altilis'' end in a long, sharp tip.
 +
 +
Several [[species]] in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: ''Artocarpus altilis'' ([[Breadfruit]]), ''Artocarpus integer'' ([[Cempedak]]), ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' ([[Jackfruit]]) and ''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' ([[Marang]]). In the most recent revision of ''Artocarpus'', the highly variable species ''Artocarpus communis'' contains the following three species of breadfruit : ''Artocarpus altilis'', ''Artocarpus mariannensis'' and ''Artocarpus camansi''.
 +
 +
Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical Southeast Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.
 +
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Artocarpus (arlos, bread, and carpos, fruit). Moraceae. Bread-fruit. Milky-juiced tropical trees, some of them yielding edible fruits, ornamental in foliage.
 
Artocarpus (arlos, bread, and carpos, fruit). Moraceae. Bread-fruit. Milky-juiced tropical trees, some of them yielding edible fruits, ornamental in foliage.
Line 12: Line 22:  
}}
 
}}
   −
{{Taxobox
+
==Cultivation==
−
| color = lightgreen
  −
| name = ''Artocarpus''
  −
| image = Artocarpus.altilis1web.jpg
  −
| image_width = 250px
  −
| image_caption = Breadfruit (''Artocarpus communis'')
  −
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
  −
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
  −
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
  −
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
  −
| familia = [[Moraceae]]
  −
| genus = '''''Artocarpus'''''
  −
| genus_authority = [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forster]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forster]]
  −
| subdivision_ranks = Species
  −
| subdivision =
  −
<center>''See text''</center>
  −
}}
  −
 
  −
'''''Artocarpus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 60 trees of Southeast [[Asia]]n origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family [[Moraceae]].
     −
This genus is closely related to and rather difficult to distinguish from the genus ''Ficus''.
     −
They are all laticiferous [[tree]]s and a few [[shrub]]s, of which the leaves, the twigs and the stem can produce a milky sap.
+
===Propagation===
   −
The trees are [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]], with unisexual [[flower]]s, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous [[fruit]], which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated [[Leaf|leaves]] vary from small and entire (''Artocarpus integer'') to large and lobed (''Artocarpus communis''). The cordate leaves of ''Artocarpus communis'' end in a long, sharp tip.
     −
Several [[species]] in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: ''Artocarpus communis'' ([[Breadfruit]]), ''Artocarpus integer'' ([[Cempedak]]), ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' ([[Jackfruit]]) and ''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' (Marang). In the most recent revision of ''Artocarpus'', the highly variable species ''Artocarpus communis'' contains the following three species of breadfruit : ''Artocarpus altilis'', ''Artocarpus mariannensis'' and ''Artocarpus camansi''.
+
===Pests and diseases===
   −
The name 'Artocarpus' is derived from the Greek words 'artos' ( = bread) and 'karpos' ( = fruit). This name was established by [[Johann Reinhold Forster]] and [[Georg Forster|J. Georg Adam Forster]], the father and son team of botanist aboard the HMS ''Resolution'' on [[James Cook]]'s second voyage.
  −
  −
Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical SE Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.
      
==Species==
 
==Species==
 
Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules,  indicates that there are at least two subgenera in ''Artocarpus'' :
 
Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules,  indicates that there are at least two subgenera in ''Artocarpus'' :
−
*subgenus ''Artocarpus'' : perianth of fruit is partially connate
+
*subgenus ''Artocarpus'' : perianth of fruit is partially [[connate]]
 
*subgenus ''Pseudojaca'' : perianth entirely connate.
 
*subgenus ''Pseudojaca'' : perianth entirely connate.
 
The genus ''Prainea'' is closely allied to the subgenus ''Pseudojaca'', and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of ''Artocarpus''. The following list still follows the traditional line.
 
The genus ''Prainea'' is closely allied to the subgenus ''Pseudojaca'', and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of ''Artocarpus''. The following list still follows the traditional line.
   −
[[Image:Artocarpus.odoratissimus1we.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissimus'')]]
+
[[Image:Artocarpus.odoratissimus1we.jpg|thumb|250px|Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissimus'')]]
 
*''Artocarpus altilis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus altilis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 +
*''[[Artocarpus blancoi]]''
 
*''Artocarpus camansi'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus camansi'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 +
*''Artocarpus chaplasha'' - Chaplaish [[Bangladesh]]
 
*''Artocarpus communis'' - [[Breadfruit]], Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also [[African Breadfruit]])
 
*''Artocarpus communis'' - [[Breadfruit]], Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also [[African Breadfruit]])
 
*''Artocarpus elasticus'' - Bendo
 
*''Artocarpus elasticus'' - Bendo
−
*''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' - Nangka, [[Jackfruit]]  
+
*''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'' - Nangka, [[Jackfruit]]  
−
*''Artocarpus hirsutus'' - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
+
*''[[Artocarpus hirsutus]]'' - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
−
*''Artocarpus integer'' - [[Cempedak]]
+
*''[[Artocarpus hypargyreus]]''
 +
*''[[Artocarpus integer]]'' - [[Cempedak]]
 
*''Artocarpus lingnanensis''
 
*''Artocarpus lingnanensis''
 
*''Artocarpus mariannensis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus mariannensis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus nitidus'' - Jackfruit
 
*''Artocarpus nitidus'' - Jackfruit
−
*''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' - [[Marang]]
+
*''[[Artocarpus nobilis]]''
 +
*''[[Artocarpus odoratissimus]]'' - [[Marang]]
 
*''Artocarpus rigidus'' - Monkey Jack
 
*''Artocarpus rigidus'' - Monkey Jack
 +
*''[[Artocarpus rubrovenus]]''
 
*''Artocarpus tamaran''
 
*''Artocarpus tamaran''
 +
*''[[Artocarpus treculianus]]''
 +
 +
==Gallery==
 +
 +
<gallery perrow=5>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 +
</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
−
{{commons|Artocarpus}}
+
<references/>
−
{{wikispecies|Artocarpus}}
+
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
−
*[http://www.botany2002.org/section12/abstracts/202.shtml Possible subgenera of Artocarpus]
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
−
*Nyree Conrad Zerega- Dissertation Topic : Phylogeny of the genus Artocarpus (Moraceae), with a focus on the systematics, genetics, conservation, and biogeography of breadfruit
+
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
−
*Zerega, NJC and TJ Motley. 2001. Artocarpus (Moraceae) molecular phylogeny and the systematics and origins of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. Presented at the Botanical Society of America annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM, August 12 – 16, 2001.  
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
 +
 
 +
==External links==
 +
*{{wplink}}
   −
[[Category:Artocarpus]]
+
{{stub}}
 +
__NOTOC__
Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/94920"