Twinleaf
- This article is about a plant; for the town in Pokemon Diamond and Pearl, see Twinleaf Town
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 Jeffersonia diphylla from Britton & Brown 1913 | ||||||||||||
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| Jeffersonia diphylla Jeffersonia dubia |
Jeffersonia which is also known as Twinleaf or Rheumatism root, is a small genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Berberidaceae. The two species are native to eastern Asia and eastern North America. They are uncommon spring wildflowers, which grow in limestone soils of rich woodland. Jeffersonia was named for United States President Thomas Jefferson, by his contemporary Benjamin Smith Barton.[1] This genus was formerly, incorrectly grouped in genus Podophyllum. Twinleaf is protected by state laws as a threatened or endangered plant in Georgia, Iowa, New York, and New Jersey.[2]
Description
The leaves and flowers of this plant are smooth and emerge directly from the base of the plant. Jeffersonia has showy white flowers with eight petals; the flower resembles Bloodroot, a small poppy. The flower last only a short time after blooming in April or May, and gives way to a green pear-shaped capsule with a hinged top. The characteristic leaves are large and nearly divided in half, giving rise to its common name, Twinleaf. Plants in this genus rarely grow taller than 12 inches (30 cm).
Species
- Jeffersonia diphylla. Eastern North America.
- Jeffersonia dubia. Manchuria, China.
Uses
Though Jeffersonia is a poisonous plant, it has had a variety of medical uses throughout history. One of those uses is hinted at by an archaic common name of Jeffersonia diphylla, Rheumatism root. The "roots" of both species contain berberine, a known anti-tumor alkaloid.
America
Native Americans utilized Jeffersonia diphylla for a variety of medicines. The Cherokee reportedly used an infusion of this plant for treating dropsy and urinary tract problems, it was also used as a poultice for sores and inflammation.[3] The Iroquois used a decoction of the plant to treat liver problems and diarrhea.[3]
The whole plant was used in early American medicine as an antispasmodic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant and general tonic. The "root" was once also used as an emetic in large doses, and as an expectorant in small doses.[4] Modern medicine does not currently utilize this plant.
China
Traditional Chinese medicine uses Jeffersonia dubia for strengthening the stomach and bringing down fevers.[5]