Read about Philodendron in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Philodendron (Greek compound for tree-loving). Araceae. Shrubby or tree-like ornamental plants, usually climbing, rarely arboreous. Internodes more or less elongated: lvs. from entire to bipinnatifid: fls. monoecious, on spadices, with no perianth, the sterile with 2-6 stamens united into a sessile obpyramidal body, the pistillate fls. with a 2-10- loculed ovary and some staminodia, the berries inclosed in the involute spathe.—The species are all Trop. American. They are monographed by Engler in Das Pflanzenrich, hft. 60 (IV. 23 Dd) 1913, who accepts 222 species. Some of them are prominent in tropical plantings. Only a few philodendrons can be grown to have an ornamental appearance in a small state. One which goes under the name of P. elegantissimum, with finely cut leaves, makes a good pot specimen, although it will reach considerable height when suitable opportunities are afforded. The same may be said of P. Selloum, a beautiful species with pinnatind leaves. The arborescent kinds should have a very porous rooting medium and copious supplies of water while in active growth. When climbing, they must have provision made for the roots, which are produced along the stems. Some of the species do well climbing up the stems of tall palms, such as arenga and livistona; otherwise dead trunks of tree ferns make admirable rooting substances for the roots to penetrate and cling to. Propagation is by division of the climbing stems. P. elegantissimum is an unidentified trade name. P. calophyllum, Brongn. (P. nobile, Bull, in part). Lvs. tufted, 2-3 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad at middle, linear-oblong, acuminate, shining above, the costa very thick at base, with linear depressions: spathe pale yellowish green outside, inside bright carmine with white margin. N. Brazil. B.M. 7827. — P. canni ' .' I B. thick, coriaceous, oblong, shining above, the ...spathe cymbiform, green outside, purple, green...a. Brazil. P. Corsonianum, Makoy. Lvs. 1 1/4-2 ' ' '8 in. broad, shortly pinnatiftd, deep green above ....with green veins: spathe with a purple-crimsol...limb fight green with red spots outside, the ....darker spots. Hybrid. B.M. 8172. — P. Devansa scandent species with rather small glossy green the petioles, are blood-red when young...P. Duvivieri, Hort. Lvs. broadly and deeply 'crubescens, C. Koch. Climbing: lvs. elongated ov-......in. long, 4-6 in. wide: spathe black-purple. P...is a climber something like P. crassinervium: i. deep green, 12-18 in. long, 3-5 in. broad: spat crimson within the tube. Brazil. B.M. 6813. — P. /Ilsemanii, Hort. Lvs. oblong, cordate, dark green, splashed or marbled with white, and sometimes tinged rose-pink. G.C. III. 43:289. — P. imperiale is mentioned in European trade-lists. Engler accounts for only one P. imperiale (of Schott) and that he makes a synonym of P. asperatum, Koch. Sander & Co. advertise P. imperiale var. Laucheana: "a lovely trailing stove foliage plant, which is admirably adapted for growing on pillars or wire shapes. It is quite distinct from and greatly superior to the well-known P. imperiale. The habit is much more graceful, the heart-shaped foliage smaller and more elegant. Down the center, from either side of me broad light green midrib, extend irregular blotches of dark green, projecting into a clear glaucous color, the edges of which are relieved by green blotches. The bases of the petioles bear bright red and green phyl-lodes." P. asperatum is a short-jointed climbing Brazilian species with cordate-ovate entire dull green lvs. — P. Mamei, Andre. Lvs. cordate-ovate, acute, variegated with white: spathe partly open above and whitish, the tube blood-red. Ecuador. R.H. 1883, p. 104 and 492; 1897, p. 573. I.H. 43:66. — P. pertusum is Monstera deliciosa. — P. Simsii, Kunth. Lvs. coriaceous, elongated triangular-sagittate. long-cuspidate, up to 20 in. long: spathe outside black-purple on the tube, yellowish on the limb. Guiana. B.M. 2643. — P. tripartitum, Schott. (Anthurium insigne, Mast.}. Lvs. 3- parted, 6-7 in. long: spathe-tube oblong, the blade whitish, ovate, shortly acuminate. Venezuela. — P. Warscewiezii, C. Koch. Lvs. triangular-sagittate, bipinnatifid, primrose, the lateral primary segms. 5-8 in. long. Cent. Amer. G.W. 10. p. 211. Gt. 59, p. 23. George V. NASH.
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 Tree Philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum | ||||||||||||||||
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Philodendron Schott 1832, is a large genus of flowering plants from the arum family (Araceae), consisting of 700 or more species. Taxonomically it is still poorly known with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek philo or "love" and dendron or "tree".
Philodendron species can be found in diverse habitats in tropical America and the West Indies. Most occur in humid tropical forests, but also in swamps, on river banks, roadsides and rock outcrops. They are shrubs and small trees, most of which are capable of clambering over other plants, or climbing the trunks of other trees with the aid of aerial roots.
Leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less pinnate. They are borne alternately on the stem. The flower spathe may be borne terminally on a stem, or in a leaf axil. They are often fragrant.
All parts of the plant are poisonous, due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals.
Species
This large genus is subdivided into several sections and subsections :
Section Baursia, section Philopsammos, section Philodendron (subsections Achyropodium, Canniphyllium, Macrolonchium, Philodendron, Platypodium, Psoropodium and Solenosterigma), section Calostigma (subsections Bulaoana, Eucardium, Glossophyllum, Macrobelium and Oligocarpidium), section Tritomophyllum, section Schizophyllum, section Polytomium, section Macrogynium and section Camptogynium.
- Philodendron acutatum Schott
- Philodendron adamantinum Mart. ex Schott
- Philodendron alliodorum Croat & Grayum
- Philodendron auriculatum Standl. & L. O. Williams
- Philodendron bipennifolium Schott
- Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl. - Tree Philodendron
- Philodendron black cardinal'"
- Philodendron consanguineum Schott - Rascagarganta
- Philodendron cordatum (Vell.) Kunth - Heartleaf Philodendron
- Philodendron crassinervium Lindl.
- Philodendron davidsonii Croat
- Philodendron devansayeanum L. Linden
- Philodendron domesticum G. S. Bunting
- Philodendron ensifolium Croat & Grayum
- Philodendron erubescens K. Koch & Augustin
- Philodendron eximium Schott
- Philodendron fragrantissimum
- Philodendron ferrugineum Croat
- Philodendron giganteum Schott - Giant Philodendron
- Philodendron glaucophyllum
- Philodendron gloriosum André
- Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott - Vilevine
- Philodendron hederaceum var. oxycardium (Schott) Croat
- Philodendron herbaceum Croat & Grayum
- Philodendron imbe Schott ex Endl. - Philodendron
- Philodendron jacquinii Schott
- Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott
- Philodendron lingulatum (L.) K. Koch - Treelover
- Philodendron mamei André
- Philodendron marginatum Urban - Puerto Rico Philodendron
- Philodendron martianum Engl.
- Philodendron melanochrysum Linden & André
- Philodendron microstictum Standl. & L. O. Williams
- Philodendron mayoii Symon Mayo
- Philodendron opacum Croat & Grayum
- Philodendron ornatum Schott
- Philodendron pedatum (Hook.) Kunth
- Philodendron panduriforme
- Philodendron pinnatifidum (Jacq.) Schott
- Philodendron radiatum Schott
- Philodendron recurvifolium Schott
- Philodendron renauxii Reitz
- Philodendron robustum Schott
- Philodendron sagittifolium Liebm.
- Philodendron santa leopol
dina Liebm.
- Philodendron sodiroi Hort. Cf. Gard. Chron. (1883) I. 510
- Philodendron speciosum Schott
- Philodendron sphalerum Schott
- Philodendron squamiferum Poepp.
- Philodendron standleyi Grayum
- Philodendron tripartitum (Jacq.) Schott
- Philodendron verrucosum L. Mathieu ex Schott
- Philodendron warscewiczii K. Koch & C. D. Bouché
- Philodendron wendlandii Schott