Brassia
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 Brassia arcuigera | ||||||||||||||||
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| Brassia maculata R.Br. in W.T.Aiton (1813) | ||||||||||||||||
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Brassia is a genus of orchids classified in the Oncidiinae subtribe. The genus was named after William Brass, a British botanist and illustrator, who collected plants in Africa under the supervision of Sir Joseph Banks. Its abbreviation in the horticultural trade is Brs.
Description
Brassia species and its popular hybrids are common in cultivation, and are notable for the characteristic long and spreading tepals (in some clones longer than 50 cm), which lend them the common name "spider orchid".
This epiphytic genus occurs in South Florida, the West-Indies and tropical America, in wet forests from sea level to altitudes under 1500 m, with the Peruvian Andes as its center. Occurrence is mostly restricted to a certain area, but Brassia caudata can be found over the whole geographic area.
They have large elliptic-oblong pseudobulbs with one or two leaves at the apex, lateral, unbranched many-flowered inflorescences with small floral bracts. The lip is not attached to the column. The pollinarium shows a narrow stipe. There are two distichous, foliaceous sheaths around the base, from which the inflorescence emerges.
Brassia has a very specific method for pollination : it uses entomophily : pollination by insects and in this case specifically by female spider-hunter wasps of the genera Pepsis and Campsomeris. Mistaken by the mimicry of Brassia, the wasp stings the lip, while trying to grasp its prey without any success. By these movements the wasp comes into contact with the pollinarium, that then sticks to its head. By flying to another Brassia flower, this flower gets pollinated.
Species
- Brassia angustilabia Schltr. (1925)
- Brassia antherotes Rchb.f. (1879)
- Brassia arachnoidea Barb.Rodr. (1877)
- Brassia arcuigera Rchb.f. (1869) : Arching Brassia
- Brassia aurorae D.E.Benn. (1992) : Reddish Brassia
- Brassia bidens Lindl. (1844) : Two-toothed Brassia
- Brassia boliviensis Schltr. (1913)
- Brassia caudata (L.) Lindl. (1825) : Tailed Brassia
- Brassia cauliformis C.Schweinf. (1946)
- Brassia chloroleuca Barb.Rodr. (1877) : Green-and-white Brassia
- Brassia cochleata Knowles & Westc. (1838)
- Brassia cyrtopetala Schltr. (1912)
- Brassia filomenoi Schltr. (1921)
- Brassia gireoudiana Rchb.f. & Warsz. (1854) : Gireoud's Brassia
- Brassia helenae Rchb. ex Linden (1881)
- Brassia huebneri Schltr. (1925)
- Brassia iguapoana Schltr. (1925)
- Brassia jipijapensis Dodson & N.H.Williams (1980) : Jipijapa Brassia
- Brassia josstiana Rchb.f. in E.A.von Regel (1854)
- Brassia koehlerorum Schltr. (1921) : Koehler's Brassia
- Brassia lanceana Lindl. (1835) : Lance's Brassia
- Brassia maculata R.Br. in W.T.Aiton (1813) (type species) : Spotted Brassia
- Brassia neglecta Rchb.f. (1856) : Overlooked Brassia
- Brassia pascoensis D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001)
- Brassia peruviana Poepp. & Endl. (1836) : Peru Brassia
- Brassia rhizomatosa Garay & Dunst. (1965)
- Brassia signata Rchb.f. (1881) : Marked Brassia
- Brassia suavissima Pupulin & Bogarín (2005)
- Brassia thyrsodes Rchb.f. (1868)
- Brassia transamazonica D.E.Benn. & Christenson (2001)
- Brassia verrucosa Bateman ex Lindl. (1840) (subspecies of Brassia gireoudiana, according to Robert L. Dressler and N.H. Williams- 2003): Warty Brassia
- Brassia villosa Lindl. (1854)
- Brassia wageneri Rchb.f. (1854) : Wagener's Brassia
- Brassia warszewiczii Rchb.f. (1852) : Warscewicz's Brassia
Intergeneric hybrids
- xAlexanderara (Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium)
- xAliceara (Brassia x Miltonia x Oncidium)
- xBakerara (Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium)
- xBanfieldara (Ada x Brassia x Odontoglossum )
- xBeallara (Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum )
- xBrapasia (Aspasia x Brassia)
- xBrassada (Ada x Brassia)
- xBrassidium (Brassia x Oncidium)
- xBrassioda (Brassia x Cochlioda)
- xBrassochilus (Brassia x Leochilus)
- xBrilliandeara (Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium)
- xCrawshayara (Aspasia x Brassia x Miltonia x Oncidium)
- xDegarmoara (Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum )
- xDerosaara (Aspasia x Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum )
- xDuggerara (Ada x Brassia x Miltonia)
- xEliara (Brassia x Epidendrum x Laelia x Sophronitis)
- xForgetara (Aspasia x Brassia x Miltonia)
- xGoodaleara (Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium)
- xHamiltonara (Ada x Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum )
- xJohnkellyara (Brassia x Leochilus x Oncidium x Rodriguezia)
- xMaclellanara (Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium)
- xMiltassia (Brassia x Miltonia)
- xNorwoodara (Brassia x Miltonia x Oncidium x Rodriguezia)
- xOdontobrassia (Brassia x Odontoglossum)
- xPettitara (Ada x Brassia x Oncidium)
- xRoccaforteara (Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum)
- xRodrassia (Brassia x Rodriguezia)
- xRohriara (Ada x Aspasia x Brassia)
- xSanderara (Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum)
- xSauledaara (Aspasia x Brassia x Miltonia x Oncidium x Rodriguezia)
- xSchafferara (Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum)
- xShiveara (Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium)
- xWingfieldara (Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum)
Gallery
Brassia girouldiana
Brassia maculata
References
- Pupulin, F. and Bogarin, D.: The genus Brassia in Costa Rica : A survey of four species and a new species ; Lindleyana, March 2005 - - On line [1]
- Dressler, R.L., and N.H. Williams. 2003. New combinations in Mesoamerican Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae). Selbyana 24(1):44–45.
- van der Pijl, L., and C.H. Dodson. 1966. Orchid Flowers: Their Pollination and Evolution. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables.
