Rosa chinensis
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Read about Rosa chinensis in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Rosa chinensis, Jacq. (R. indica, Lindl., not Linn. R. chinen.fis var indica, Koehne. R. índica var. vulyaris, Lindl.). China Rose. Bengal Rose. Low upright shrub with slender branches usually armed with scattered stout compressed more or less hooked prickles, sometimes almost unarmed: lfts. 3-5, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate, shining and dark green above and pale beneath, glabrous, 1 - 2 1/2 in. long; stipules narrow, glandular-ciliate: fls. usually several, less often solitary, on long usually glandular stalks, rarely short-stalked, crimson or pink, rarely whitish, about 2 in. across, not or slightly fragrant ; outer sepals usually pinnate: fr. obovoid or turbinate, about 3/4 in. long. China. W.R. 26. The wild form recently discovered in Cent. China is var. spontànea, Rend. & Wilson, with single deep red or pink, usually solitary fls. G.G. III. 31:438. The following varieties are garden forms. Var. semperflorens, Koehne (A. semperflarens, Curt. R. bengalensis, Pers.). Crimson Chinese Rose. Low shrub, with slender, prickly or almost unarmed, dark green branches: lfts. rather thin, mostly stained with purple: fls. usually solitary on slender pedicels, crimson, or deep pink. B.M. 284. W.R. 30. Var. longifolia, Rehd. (A. longifolia, Willd.). Lfts. lanceolate: fls. single, deep pink. Red. Ros. (3:25, 8). Var. minima, Rehd. (A. Lawrenciana, Hort. R. indica var. pumila, Thory). Dwarf shrub, usually not over 1 ft. high, with small rose-red fls. about 1 1/2 in. across; petals often pointed. There are single- and double-fid, forms. The Faiby Roses belong to this variety. B.M. 1762. Red. Ros. (3:25, 6, 7). Var. viridiflora, Dipp. Green Rose. With monstrous green fls. ; the petals are transformed into small, narrow green lvs. F.S. 11:1136. Var. Manetti, Dipp. (R. Manetti Hort.). Fig. 3441. Of vigorous growth, upright: pedicels hispid-glandular: fls. deep pink, single or semi-double. This variety has been recommended as a stock for forcing roses; grows readily from cuttings, but is not quite hardy.
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Rosa chinensis, known commonly as the China Rose is a member of the genus Rosa native to central China in Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan.
It is a shrub growing to 1-2 m tall. The leaves are pinnate, with 3-5 leaflets, each leaflet 2.5–6 cm long and 1–3 cm broad. In the wild species (sometimes listed as Rosa chinensis var. spontanea), the flowers have five pink to red petals. The fruit is a red hip 1-2 cm diameter.
Uses
The species is extensively cultivated in China as an ornamental plant; numerous cultivars have been selected, with varying flower colour and usually an increased number of petals (semi-double or double flowers). The species is also important in the breeding of many modern garden roses, including the Hybrid Tea roses.
The flowers and fruits are used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of irregular and/or painful menstruation, as well as swollen thyroid.
References
18th century painting of two cultivars
