Japanese Maple

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Acer.palmatum.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ .5 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 0.5. to 15 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ Japan, Korea
Cultivation
Minimum Temp: ☃ -35°C-31 °F <br />238.15 K <br />428.67 °R <br />
Sunset Zones: 2-10, 12, 14-24, 31-41
Scientific Names

Sapindaceae >

Acer >

palmatum >



Acer palmatum, called Japanese Maple or Smooth Japanese Maple is a species of woody plant native to Japan, Korea and China.[1] Many different cultivars of this maple have been selected and they are commonly grown in other parts of the world too, for their attractive leaf shapes and colors. They are highly sought after and are relatively costly trees given the size.[2]

Acer palmatum is a deciduous shrub or small tree reaching heights of 6–10 m, rarely 16 m, often growing as an understory plant in shady woodlands. It may have multiple trunks joining close to the ground. In habit, it is often shaped like an upside-down circle (especially when younger) or takes on a dome-like form, especially when mature.[3] The leaves are 4–12 cm long and wide, palmately lobed with five, seven, or nine acutely pointed lobes. The flowers are produced in small cymes, the individual flowers with five red or purple sepals and five whitish petals. The fruit is a pair of winged samaras, each samara 2–3 cm long with a 6–8 mm seed. The seeds of Japanese maple and similar species require stratification in order to germinate.[3][4]

Even in nature, Acer palmatum displays considerable genetic variation. As such, even seedlings with the same parent tree can show difference in such aspects as leaf size and shape, and colour.[3]


Read about Japanese Maple in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Acer palmatum, Thunb. (A. polymorphum, Sieb. & Zucc.). Japan Maple. Shrub or small tree, 20 ft.: branchlets, petioles and peduncles glabrous: lvs. 5-9-lobed or divided, 2-4 in. across, glabrous, lobes oblong, acuminate, doubly serrate or incised: corymbs few-flo., glabrous, erect, with small purple fls.: fr. small, glabrous; the wings spreading at an obtuse angle. Japan.—This species and A. japonicum are known as Japanese maples. They are extremely handsome shrubs of dense though graceful habit, and with elegant foliage, beautiful especially in spring for its delicate shades of green and red, and again in autumn, when the lvs. assume the most striking tints. Some of the more vigorous-growing varieties, like atropurpureum, dissectum, ornatum, and the typical forms, are hardy even in New England, while most of the variegated forms are more tender. They grow best in partly shaded situations and in well-drained, rich soil. There are many varieties, mostly intro. from Japanese gardens, of which the following are some of the best. They may be divided into 5 groups, representing various degrees of dissection of the lvs.:

(1) A. palmatum var. Thunbergii, Pax (A. palmatum, Thunb.). Lvs. deeply 5-9-lobed or cleft; lobes oblong-lanceolate, coarsely and doubly serrate or incised. Var. atropurpureum, Van Houtte (var. nigrum, Hort.). Lvs. dark purple, coarsely doubly serrate. Var. sanguineum, Carr., is lighter red than var. atropurpureum. Var. bicolor, Koch (var. atropurpureum variegatum, Hort.). Lvs. dark purple, with large carmine blotches, the lobes half purple and half carmine. Var. aureum, Nichols. Lvs. yellow. Var. versicolor, Schwerin (A. polymorphum septemlobum versicolorum, Van Houtte). Lvs. bright green, with large white spots. Var. roseo-marginatum, Schwerin (A. polymorphum roseum marginatum, Pynaert). Lvs. small, deeply cut, with narrow pink margin. Var. crispum, Andre. Lvs. small, with involute margins; of distinctly upright growth.

(2) Var. septemlobum, Koch (A. septemlobum, Thunb.). Lvs. mostly 7-lobed; lobes broad, equally doubly serrate. Var. rubrum, Schwerin. Lvs. large, deep red when young, becoming almost green later. Var. reticulatum, Andre. Lvs. greenish yellow, with green margin and dark green veins. Var. tricolor, Nichols. Lvs. with red, pink and white spots.

(3) Var. linearilobum, Sieb. & Zucc. (var. scolopendrifolium, Hort., not Schwerin). Lvs. divided nearly to the base; lobes linear, remotely serrate or nearly entire. Var. atrolineare, Schwerin (var. linearilobum atropurpureum, Nichols.; var. pinnatifolium atropurpureum, Hort.). Lvs. dark red.

(4) Var. dissectum, Koch (A. polymorphum var. decompositum, Sieb. & Zucc. A. polymorphum palmatifidum, Van Houtte). Lvs. divided to the base in 5-9 pinnatifid lobes. Var. ornatum, Carr. (var. dissectum atropurpureum, Hort.). Lvs. deeply cut deep red. Var. Frederici-Guilelmi, Carr. (var. pinnatifidum roseo-pictum, Lem.). Lvs. finely cut, green, with white and pink spots.

(5) Var. sessilifolium, Maxim. Lvs. deeply cut, with very short petioles. G.C. II. 16.—Of little decorative value.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


More information about this species can be found on the genus page.

Cultivation

Acer palmatum includes hundreds of named cultivars with countless forms, colors, leaf types, sizes, and preferred growing conditions. Heights of mature specimens can range from 0.5 m to 25 m, depending on type. Some tolerate sun, and others like shade. Almost all are adaptable and blend well with companion plants. The trees are particularly suitable for borders and ornamental paths because the root systems are compact and not invasive. Well drained soil is preferred, and the trees grow strongest when not over-fertilized. Many varieties of Acer palmatum are successfully grown in containers.[5]

Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Cultivars

  • 'Atropurpeum' - Red Japanese Maple
  • 'Bloodgood'
  • 'Bonfire'
  • 'Burgundy Lace'
  • 'Butterfly'
  • 'Crimson Queen'
  • 'Dissectum'
  • 'Ever Red' ('Dissectum Viridis') Laceleaf Japanese Maple
  • 'Filiferum Purpureum'
  • 'Garnet'
  • 'Ornatum' - Red Laceleaf Japanese Maple.
  • 'Oshio Beni'
  • 'Sango Kaku' ('Senkaki'). Coral Bark Maple

Gallery

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  • photo 1

  • Acer palmatum var. dissectum

  • Momiji (A. palmatum) shows autumn colours in Kyoto, Japan.

  • Acerpalmatumdissectum leaf.jpg

    A green A. palmatum Dissectum Group

  • A red A. palmatum Dissectum Group

  • Trunk of A. palmatum 'Osakazuki'

  • Foliage of A. palmatum 'Osakazuki'

  • Wide view of A. palmatum 'Osakazuki

  • A. palmatum 'Sango Kaku', a "coralbark maple" in winter showing red bark

  • New leaves on A. palmatum 'Sango Kaku'

  • A. palmatum samaras and leaves

  • A. palmatum 'Shigitatsu sawa'

  • Red cultivar of A. palmatum used for bonsai

References

External links


  1. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Acer palmatum
  2. ↑ http://www.artificialplantsandtrees.com/Interior_Decor/Discover_Maple_Trees/discover_maple_trees.html
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 van Gelderen, C.J. & van Gelderen, D.M. (1999). Maples for Gardens: A Color Encyclopedia.
  4. ↑ Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  5. ↑ Vertrees, J.D. (1987) Japanese Maples. Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 0-88192-048-7
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