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Bauhinia (view source)

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#REDIRECT [[Tylosema esculentum]]
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{{SPlantbox
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|genus=Bauhinia
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|habit=tree
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|lifespan=perennial
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|exposure=sun
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|features=flowers
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|flowers=red, yellow, multicolored, pink, white
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Bauhinia variegata (Kachnar) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 1463.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Bauhinia variegata
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}}
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'''''Bauhinia''''' ({{pron-en|boʊˈhɪniə}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607; ''[[OED]]:'' &quot;Bauhinia&quot;</ref> is a [[genus]] of more than 200 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[subfamily]] [[Caesalpinioideae]] of the large [[flowering plant]] family [[Fabaceae]], with a [[pantropical]] distribution. The genus was named after the [[Bauhin]] brothers, [[Switzerland|Swiss]]-[[France|French]] [[botanist]]s.
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Bauhinia trees typically reach a height of 6-12 m and their branches spread 3-6 m outwards. The lobed leaves usually are 10-15 cm across.
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The five-petaled flowers are 7.5-12.5 cm diameter, generally in shades of red, pink, purple, orange, or yellow, and are often fragrant. The tree begins flowering in late winter and often continues to flower into early summer.
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{{Inc|
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Bauhinia (after John and Caspar Bauhin, sixteenth century herbalists, the twin leaflets suggesting two brothers). Leguminosae. Mountain Ebony. Orchid Tree. Tropical trees and shrubs, sometimes climbing, planted in southern Florida and southern California to some extent for the flowers, odd foliage, and general attractive appearance; distinguished by the usually bifid or binate leaves; allied to Cercis.
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Trees, shrubs, or vines, with showy fls. ranging from white to purple and yellow: Lvs. broad, entire or 2-lobed, in some cases the lfts. being entirely free; petiole prolonged into a short but characteristic awn between the lfts.: fls. in simple or panicled terminal or axillary racemes; petals 5, somewhat unequal, usually narrowed into a claw; stamens 10, but sometimes reduced even to 3 and perhaps bearing sterile filaments; ovary stalked, stigma in some species peltate and in others oblique: fr. a long flat pod, dehiscent or indehiscent.— About 150 species in tropics of both hemispheres. The number and fertility of the stamens are important characters in determining the subgenera. The purplish fls. of some species suggest those of some kinds of pelargonium. The bauhinias are not papilionaceous. Some of the arboreal species (as B. variegata) produce ebony wood. Others are gigantic climbers, sometimes mounting the highest trees.
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Bauhinias are frequent in plantings in many parts of the tropics. They are planted to some extent in southern Florida and southern California. Numbers of species are likely to be introduced from time to time because of their gorgeous appearance in the tropics. In the experience of Old World gardeners, the most reliable species under glass are B. variegata, B. corymbosa, and B. natalensis. These can be planted outside in southern Florida in summer, and kept over winter as oleanders are. B. variegata and B. purpurea are two of the commonest and showiest small trees of India, and, although frequently introduced into northern greenhouses, have rarely succeeded permanently. B. variegata is much cultivated in India. The astringent bark is used in tanning and dyeing, and the leaves and flower-buds as a vegetable, the latter being pickled. Bauhinias thrive in a variety of soils on our southernmost borders. They delight in high well-drained land, but will grow on lower lands in southern Florida if it is fairly well drained or if set on slight mounds; all of them are very tender and easily affected by low temperatures, but are easily saved by banking. B. purpurea and B. variegata (B. alba) have withstood a temperature of 26° F. in Florida. No particular care in tillage or fertilizing is necessary, but better bloom is secured if some attention is given to these details. From seeds in Florida bauhinias grow readily and bloom freely in three or four years. Cuttings root with difficulty, but some kinds propagate readily from suckers. Bauhinias are little known as greenhouse subjects; but in the tropics they make showy and very attractive shrubs or small trees or profuse vines.
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Numbers of bauhinias may be expected to appear in plantings along the southern borders. The following names have already occurred: B. candicans, Benth. Closely related to B. forficata. Spiny: branchlets and racemes whitish tomentose: Lvs. pubescent below, 9-nerved: petals nearly 3 in. long. Uruguay, Argentina.— B. Hobkeri, F. Muell. Large tree: lfts. distinct, broad, very obtuse, 5-7-nerved: fls. white, edged with crimson, in few-fld. terminal racemes; petals clawed, the blade about 1½ in. long. Austral.—B. Richardsonii, said to be from Mauritius; unidentified.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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[[File:Flower I IMG 8682.jpg|thumb|''[[Bauhinia acuminata]]'' flower in [[Hyderabad, India]]. ]]
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[[File:Bauhinia purpurea (Kaniar) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 2574.jpg|thumb|''[[Bauhinia purpurea]]'' flower in [[Hyderabad, India]]. ]]
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[[File:Bauhinia racemosa (Jhinjheri) flowers & fruits W3 IMG_7477.jpg|thumb|''[[Bauhinia racemosa]]'' flowers & fruits in [[Hyderabad, India]]. ]]
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;Selected species:
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*''[[Bauhinia acuminata]]'' L.
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*''[[Bauhinia aureifolia]]'' K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen
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*''[[Bauhinia bassacensis]]'' Pierre ex [[François Gagnepain|Gagnep.]]
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*''[[Bauhinia bidentata]]'' Jack
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*''[[Bauhinia binata]]'' [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]
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*''[[Bauhinia blakeana|Bauhinia x blakeana]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia bracteata]]'' (Graham ex [[George Bentham|Benth.]]) [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]
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*''[[Bauhinia championi]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia corymbosa]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia creaghi baker]] ([[Charles Vandeleur Creagh]])
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*''[[Bauhinia curtisii]]'' [[David Prain|Prain]]
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*''[[Bauhinia cumingiana]]'' Fern.-Vill.
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*''[[Bauhinia ferruginea]]'' [[William Roxburgh|Roxb.]]
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*''[[Bauhinia flagelliflora]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia forficata]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia galpinii]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia glauca]]'' ([[Nathaniel Wallich|Wall.]] ex Benth.)
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*''[[Bauhinia grevei]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia harmsiana]]'' Hosseus
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*''[[Bauhinia hirsuta]]'' [[Johann Anton Weinmann|Weinm.]]
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*''[[Bauhinia integrifolia]]'' Roxb.
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*''[[Bauhinia involucellata]]'' [[Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz|Kurz]]
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*''[[Bauhinia lakhonensis]]'' Gagnep.
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*''[[Bauhinia lunarioides]]'' (Anacacho Orchid Tree)
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*''[[Bauhinia malabarica]]'' Roxb.
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*''[[Bauhinia mombassae]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia monandra]]'' Kurz
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*''[[Bauhinia nervosa]]'' (Wall. ex Benth.) Baker
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*''[[Bauhinia ornata]]'' Kurz
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*''[[Bauhinia penicilliloba]]'' Pierre ex Gagnep.
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*''[[Bauhinia perpurea]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia pervilleana]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia pottsii]]'' [[George Don|G.Don]]
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*''[[Bauhinia pulla]]'' Craib.
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*''[[Bauhinia purpurea]]'' L.
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*''[[Bauhinia racemosa]]'' [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]
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*''[[Bauhinia rufescens]]'' [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]
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*''[[Bauhinia saccocalyx]]'' Pierre
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*''[[Bauhinia scandens]]'' L.
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*''[[Bauhinia seminarioi]]''
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*''[[Bauhinia siamensis]]'' K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen
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*''[[Bauhinia similis]]'' Craib
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*''[[Bauhinia sirindhorniae]]'' K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen
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*''[[Bauhinia strychnifolia]]'' Craib
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*''[[Bauhinia strychnoidea]]'' [[David Prain|Prain]]
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*''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]'' L.
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*''[[Bauhinia vahlii]]'' Wight & Arn.
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*''[[Bauhinia variegata]]'' L.
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*''[[Bauhinia viridescens]]'' [[Nicaise Auguste Desvaux|Desv.]]
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*''[[Bauhinia wallichii]]'' J.F.Macbr.
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*''[[Bauhinia winitii]]'' Craib
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*''[[Bauhinia yunnanensis]]'' [[Adrien René Franchet|Franch.]]
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==Gallery==
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General gallery
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Bauhinia tomentosa (Camel foot tree) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9475.jpg|''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]'' flowers
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File:Bauhinia vahlii in Ananthagiri forest, AP W IMG 9204.jpg|''[[Bauhinia vahlii]]'' flower
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File:Bauhiniaflower.jpg|''[[Bauhinia x blakeana]]'' flower
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</gallery>
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Gallery of ''[[Bauhinia racemosa]]''
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Jhinjheri (Bauhinia racemosa) trunk in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7058.jpg|trunk
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Image:Jhinjheri (Bauhinia racemosa) leaves & trunk in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7059.jpg|leaves & trunk
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Image:Jhinjheri (Bauhinia racemosa) leaves & fruit pods in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7117.jpg|leaves & fruit pods
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Image:Jhinjheri (Bauhinia racemosa) trunk in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7118.jpg|trunk
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File:Bauhinia racemosa (Jhinjheri) old & new leaves with flower buds W IMG 7405.jpg|old & new leaves with flower buds
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File:Bauhinia racemosa (Jhinjheri) flowers & fruits W IMG 7477.jpg|flowers & fruit pods  in  [[Hyderabad, India]].
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File:Bauhinia racemosa (Jhinjheri) flowers & fruits W IMG 740580.jpg|flowers & fruit pods
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File:Bauhinia racemosa (Jhinjheri) bark W IMG 7404.jpg|trunk
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</gallery>
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Gallery of ''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]''
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Bauhinia tomentosa (Camel foot tree) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9481.jpg|
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Image:Bauhinia tomentosa (Camel foot tree) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9480.jpg|
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Image:Bauhinia tomentosa (Camel foot tree) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9479.jpg|
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Image:Bauhinia tomentosa (Camel foot tree) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9477.jpg|
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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