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{{For|the automobile|Autobianchi Primula}}
{{For|the character from the ''Shuffle!'' series|Primula (Shuffle!)}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Primula''
| image = Prolećno cveće 3.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Primula vulgaris''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
| familia = [[Primulaceae]]
| genus = '''''Primula'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
many; see text
}}
[[Image:primula.jpg|right|thumb|A modern garden primula [[cultivar]]]]
[[Image:Primula farinosa flowers 100704.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula farinosa'' flowers]]
[[Image:Primula aka.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula hortensis'']]
[[Image:Primula prolifera 1.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula prolifera'']]
[[Image:Primula sieboldii RB.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula sieboldii'']]
[[Image:Primula veris 150303.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula veris'']]
'''''Primula''''' is a [[genus]] of 400-500 [[species]] of low-growing [[herb]]s in the family [[Primulaceae]]. They include [[Primula vulgaris|primrose]], [[Primula auricula|auricula]], [[Primula veris|cowslip]] and [[Primula elatior|oxlip]]. Many species are grown for their ornamental [[flower]]s. They are native to the temperate [[Northern Hemisphere]], south into high altitude tropical [[mountain]]s in [[Ethiopia]], [[Indonesia]] and [[New Guinea]], and are also found in temperate southern [[South America]].
Perennial primulas bloom mostly during the [[spring (season)|spring]]; their flowers can be [[purple]], [[yellow]], [[red]], [[pink]], or [[white]]. Generally, they prefer filtered [[sun]][[light]]. Many species are adapted to high [[alpine climate]]s.
Both the common name and scientific name refer to it being the first (prime) "rose" to open in spring.
Primroses are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Large Yellow Underwing]], [[Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing]], [[Setaceous Hebrew Character]] and [[Silver-ground Carpet]]. <!-- is this statement specific to primroses only, or to the entire genus?-->
Some species of ''Primula'' are commonly known as polyanthus.
;Selected species
{|
|- valign=top
|
* ''[[Primula alcalina]]'' (Bluedome Primrose)
* ''[[Primula algida]]''
* ''[[Primula allionii]]'' (Allioni's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula alpicola]]'' (Moonlight Primrose)
* ''[[Primula amoena]]'' (Aucasian Primrose)
* ''[[Primula angustifolia]]'' (Alpine Primrose)
* ''[[Primula anisodora]]'' (Anise Primrose)
* ''[[Primula anvilensis]]'' (Boreal Primrose)
* ''[[Primula appenina]]''
* ''[[Primula atrodentata]]''
* ''[[Primula aurantiaca]]''
* ''[[Primula aureata]]''
* ''[[Primula auricula]]'' (Auricula [Primrose], Bear's Ear)
* ''[[Primula auriculata]]''
* ''[[Primula beesiana]]'' (Candelabra Primrose)
* ''[[Primula bellidifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula boothii]]''
* ''[[Primula borealis]]'' (Northern Primrose)
* ''[[Primula bracteosa]]''
* ''[[Primula bulleyana]]'' (Candelabra Primrose)
* ''[[Primula burmanica]]'' (Burma Primrose)
* ''[[Primula calderiana]]''
* ''[[Primula capillaris]]'' (Ruby Mountain Primrose)
* ''[[Primula capitata]]''
* ''[[Primula capitellata]]''
* ''[[Primula carniolica]]'' (Carniolan Primrose)
* ''[[Primula cawdoriana]]''
* ''[[Primula chionantha]]''
* ''[[Primula chungensis]]''
* ''[[Primula clarkei]]''
* ''[[Primula clusiana]]''
* ''[[Primula cockburniana]]''
* ''[[Primula concholoba]]''
* ''[[Primula cortusoides]]''
* ''[[Primula cuneifolia]]'' (Wedgeleaf or Pixie-eye Primrose)
* ''[[Primula cusickiana]]'' (Cusick's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula daonensis]]''
* ''[[Primula darialica]]''
* ''[[Primula denticulata]]'' (Drumstick or Himalayan Primrose)
* ''[[Primula deorum]]'' (Rila Primrose, Rila Cowslip, God's Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula deuteronana]]''
* ''[[Primula edgeworthii]]''
* ''[[Primula egaliksensis]]'' (Greenland Primrose)
* ''[[Primula elatior]]'' (Oxlip, Oxslip or True Oxlip)
* ''[[Primula ellisiae]]'' (Ellis's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula erythrocarpa]]''
* ''[[Primula eximia]]'' (Arctic Primrose)
* ''[[Primula farinosa]]'' (Birdseye Primrose)
* ''[[Primula fedschenkoi]]''
* ''[[Primula firmipes]]''
* ''[[Primula flaccida]]''
* ''[[Primula floribunda]]''
* ''[[Primula florindae]]'' (Giant or Tibetan Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula forrestii]]''
* ''[[Primula frondosa]]''
* ''[[Primula gambeliana]]''
* ''[[Primula geraniifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula glaucescens]]''
* ''[[Primula glomerata]]''
* ''[[Primula glutinosa]]'' (Sticky Primrose)
* ''[[Primula gracillipes]]''
* ''[[Primula griffithii]]''
* ''[[Primula halleri]]'' (Long-flowered or Haller's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula heucherifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula hirsuta]]'' (Stinking Primrose)
* ''[[Primula hyacinthina]]''
* ''[[Primula ianthina]]''
* ''[[Primula incana]]'' (Silvery or Mealy Primrose)
* ''[[Primula integrifolia]]'' (Entire-leaved primrose)
* ''[[Primula involucrata]]''
* ''[[Primula ioessa]]''
* ''[[Primula irregularis]]''
* ''[[Primula japonica]]'' (Japanese Primrose or Japanese Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula jesoana]]''
* ''[[Primula juliae]]'' (Juliana Primrose)
* ''[[Primula kewensis]]'' (Kew Primrose)
* ''[[Primula kisoana]]''
* ''[[Primula kitaibeliana]]'' (Kitaibel's primrose)
|
* ''[[Primula latifolia]]'' (Broadleaf or Viscid Primrose)
* ''[[Primula lutea]]''
* ''[[Primula luteola]]''
* ''[[Primula macrophylla]]'' (Large leaf Primrose)
* ''[[Primula magellanica]]''
* ''[[Primula malacoides]]'' (Fairy or Baby Primrose)
* ''[[Primula marginata]]'' (Marginate Primrose)
* ''[[Primula megaseifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula melanops]]''
* ''[[Primula minima]]''
* ''[[Primula mistassinica]]'' (Mistassini or Lake Mistassini Primrose)
* ''[[Primula modesta]]''
* ''[[Primula mollis]]''
* ''[[Primula muscarioides]]''
* ''[[Primula nipponica]]''
* ''[[Primula nivalis]]'' (Snowy Primrose)
* ''[[Primula nutans]]''
* ''[[Primula obconica]]'' (Poison or German Primrose)
* ''[[Primula palinuri]]''
* ''[[Primula parryi]]'' (Parry's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula pedemontana]]''
* ''[[Primula petiolaris]]''
* ''[[Primula poissonii]]''
* ''[[Primula polyneura]]''
* ''[[Primula prolifera]]''
* ''[[Primula pulverulenta]]''
* ''[[Primula redolens]]''
* ''[[Primula reidii]]''
* ''[[Primula reinii]]''
* ''[[Primula renifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula reptans]]''
* ''[[Primula reticulata]]''
* ''[[Primula rosea]]'' (Himalayan Meadow Primrose)
* ''[[Primula roxburghii]]''
* ''[[Primula rusbyi]]'' (Rusby's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula sapphirina]]''
* ''[[Primula saxatilis]]'' (Rock Primrose)
* ''[[Primula scandinavica]]'' (Scandinavian Primrose)
* ''[[Primula scapigera]]''
* ''[[Primula scotica]]'' (Scottish Primrose)
* ''[[Primula secundiflora]]''
* ''[[Primula serratifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula sibirica]]''
* ''[[Primula sieboldii]]''
* ''[[Primula sikkimensis]]'' (Himalayan Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula sinensis]]''
* ''[[Primula sinopurpurea]]''
* ''[[Primula soldanelloides]]''
* ''[[Primula sonchifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula spectabilis]]''
* ''[[Primula specuicola]]'' (Alcove or Cave-dwelling Primrose)
* ''[[Primula stricta]]'' (Coastal or Strict Primrose)
* ''[[Primula suffrutescens]]'' (Sierra[n] Primrose)
* ''[[Primula takedana]]''
* ''[[Primula tanneri]]''
* ''[[Primula tibetica]]''
* ''[[Primula tschuktschorum]]'' (Chukchi Primrose)
* ''[[Primula tyrolensis]]''
* ''[[Primula veris]]'' (Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula verticillata]]'' (Abyssinian or Whorled Primrose)
* ''[[Primula vialii]]'' (Wayside, Pagoda, Poker or Orchid Primrose)
* ''[[Primula villosa]]''
* ''[[Primula vulgaris]]'' (Primrose)
* ''[[Primula waltonii]]''
* ''[[Primula warshenewskiana]]''
* ''[[Primula whitei]]''
* ''[[Primula wilsonii]]''
* ''[[Primula wollastonii]]'' (Wollaston's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula wulfeniana]]'' (Wulfen's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula yuparensis]]''
|}
==External links==
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula Medicinal Uses of Primula]
* [http://www.americanprimrosesociety.org/ American Primrose Society]
{{commons|Primula}}
[[Category:Primulaceae]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
{{For|the character from the ''Shuffle!'' series|Primula (Shuffle!)}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Primula''
| image = Prolećno cveće 3.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Primula vulgaris''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
| familia = [[Primulaceae]]
| genus = '''''Primula'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
many; see text
}}
[[Image:primula.jpg|right|thumb|A modern garden primula [[cultivar]]]]
[[Image:Primula farinosa flowers 100704.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula farinosa'' flowers]]
[[Image:Primula aka.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula hortensis'']]
[[Image:Primula prolifera 1.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula prolifera'']]
[[Image:Primula sieboldii RB.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula sieboldii'']]
[[Image:Primula veris 150303.jpg|right|thumb|''Primula veris'']]
'''''Primula''''' is a [[genus]] of 400-500 [[species]] of low-growing [[herb]]s in the family [[Primulaceae]]. They include [[Primula vulgaris|primrose]], [[Primula auricula|auricula]], [[Primula veris|cowslip]] and [[Primula elatior|oxlip]]. Many species are grown for their ornamental [[flower]]s. They are native to the temperate [[Northern Hemisphere]], south into high altitude tropical [[mountain]]s in [[Ethiopia]], [[Indonesia]] and [[New Guinea]], and are also found in temperate southern [[South America]].
Perennial primulas bloom mostly during the [[spring (season)|spring]]; their flowers can be [[purple]], [[yellow]], [[red]], [[pink]], or [[white]]. Generally, they prefer filtered [[sun]][[light]]. Many species are adapted to high [[alpine climate]]s.
Both the common name and scientific name refer to it being the first (prime) "rose" to open in spring.
Primroses are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Large Yellow Underwing]], [[Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing]], [[Setaceous Hebrew Character]] and [[Silver-ground Carpet]]. <!-- is this statement specific to primroses only, or to the entire genus?-->
Some species of ''Primula'' are commonly known as polyanthus.
;Selected species
{|
|- valign=top
|
* ''[[Primula alcalina]]'' (Bluedome Primrose)
* ''[[Primula algida]]''
* ''[[Primula allionii]]'' (Allioni's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula alpicola]]'' (Moonlight Primrose)
* ''[[Primula amoena]]'' (Aucasian Primrose)
* ''[[Primula angustifolia]]'' (Alpine Primrose)
* ''[[Primula anisodora]]'' (Anise Primrose)
* ''[[Primula anvilensis]]'' (Boreal Primrose)
* ''[[Primula appenina]]''
* ''[[Primula atrodentata]]''
* ''[[Primula aurantiaca]]''
* ''[[Primula aureata]]''
* ''[[Primula auricula]]'' (Auricula [Primrose], Bear's Ear)
* ''[[Primula auriculata]]''
* ''[[Primula beesiana]]'' (Candelabra Primrose)
* ''[[Primula bellidifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula boothii]]''
* ''[[Primula borealis]]'' (Northern Primrose)
* ''[[Primula bracteosa]]''
* ''[[Primula bulleyana]]'' (Candelabra Primrose)
* ''[[Primula burmanica]]'' (Burma Primrose)
* ''[[Primula calderiana]]''
* ''[[Primula capillaris]]'' (Ruby Mountain Primrose)
* ''[[Primula capitata]]''
* ''[[Primula capitellata]]''
* ''[[Primula carniolica]]'' (Carniolan Primrose)
* ''[[Primula cawdoriana]]''
* ''[[Primula chionantha]]''
* ''[[Primula chungensis]]''
* ''[[Primula clarkei]]''
* ''[[Primula clusiana]]''
* ''[[Primula cockburniana]]''
* ''[[Primula concholoba]]''
* ''[[Primula cortusoides]]''
* ''[[Primula cuneifolia]]'' (Wedgeleaf or Pixie-eye Primrose)
* ''[[Primula cusickiana]]'' (Cusick's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula daonensis]]''
* ''[[Primula darialica]]''
* ''[[Primula denticulata]]'' (Drumstick or Himalayan Primrose)
* ''[[Primula deorum]]'' (Rila Primrose, Rila Cowslip, God's Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula deuteronana]]''
* ''[[Primula edgeworthii]]''
* ''[[Primula egaliksensis]]'' (Greenland Primrose)
* ''[[Primula elatior]]'' (Oxlip, Oxslip or True Oxlip)
* ''[[Primula ellisiae]]'' (Ellis's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula erythrocarpa]]''
* ''[[Primula eximia]]'' (Arctic Primrose)
* ''[[Primula farinosa]]'' (Birdseye Primrose)
* ''[[Primula fedschenkoi]]''
* ''[[Primula firmipes]]''
* ''[[Primula flaccida]]''
* ''[[Primula floribunda]]''
* ''[[Primula florindae]]'' (Giant or Tibetan Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula forrestii]]''
* ''[[Primula frondosa]]''
* ''[[Primula gambeliana]]''
* ''[[Primula geraniifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula glaucescens]]''
* ''[[Primula glomerata]]''
* ''[[Primula glutinosa]]'' (Sticky Primrose)
* ''[[Primula gracillipes]]''
* ''[[Primula griffithii]]''
* ''[[Primula halleri]]'' (Long-flowered or Haller's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula heucherifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula hirsuta]]'' (Stinking Primrose)
* ''[[Primula hyacinthina]]''
* ''[[Primula ianthina]]''
* ''[[Primula incana]]'' (Silvery or Mealy Primrose)
* ''[[Primula integrifolia]]'' (Entire-leaved primrose)
* ''[[Primula involucrata]]''
* ''[[Primula ioessa]]''
* ''[[Primula irregularis]]''
* ''[[Primula japonica]]'' (Japanese Primrose or Japanese Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula jesoana]]''
* ''[[Primula juliae]]'' (Juliana Primrose)
* ''[[Primula kewensis]]'' (Kew Primrose)
* ''[[Primula kisoana]]''
* ''[[Primula kitaibeliana]]'' (Kitaibel's primrose)
|
* ''[[Primula latifolia]]'' (Broadleaf or Viscid Primrose)
* ''[[Primula lutea]]''
* ''[[Primula luteola]]''
* ''[[Primula macrophylla]]'' (Large leaf Primrose)
* ''[[Primula magellanica]]''
* ''[[Primula malacoides]]'' (Fairy or Baby Primrose)
* ''[[Primula marginata]]'' (Marginate Primrose)
* ''[[Primula megaseifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula melanops]]''
* ''[[Primula minima]]''
* ''[[Primula mistassinica]]'' (Mistassini or Lake Mistassini Primrose)
* ''[[Primula modesta]]''
* ''[[Primula mollis]]''
* ''[[Primula muscarioides]]''
* ''[[Primula nipponica]]''
* ''[[Primula nivalis]]'' (Snowy Primrose)
* ''[[Primula nutans]]''
* ''[[Primula obconica]]'' (Poison or German Primrose)
* ''[[Primula palinuri]]''
* ''[[Primula parryi]]'' (Parry's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula pedemontana]]''
* ''[[Primula petiolaris]]''
* ''[[Primula poissonii]]''
* ''[[Primula polyneura]]''
* ''[[Primula prolifera]]''
* ''[[Primula pulverulenta]]''
* ''[[Primula redolens]]''
* ''[[Primula reidii]]''
* ''[[Primula reinii]]''
* ''[[Primula renifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula reptans]]''
* ''[[Primula reticulata]]''
* ''[[Primula rosea]]'' (Himalayan Meadow Primrose)
* ''[[Primula roxburghii]]''
* ''[[Primula rusbyi]]'' (Rusby's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula sapphirina]]''
* ''[[Primula saxatilis]]'' (Rock Primrose)
* ''[[Primula scandinavica]]'' (Scandinavian Primrose)
* ''[[Primula scapigera]]''
* ''[[Primula scotica]]'' (Scottish Primrose)
* ''[[Primula secundiflora]]''
* ''[[Primula serratifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula sibirica]]''
* ''[[Primula sieboldii]]''
* ''[[Primula sikkimensis]]'' (Himalayan Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula sinensis]]''
* ''[[Primula sinopurpurea]]''
* ''[[Primula soldanelloides]]''
* ''[[Primula sonchifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula spectabilis]]''
* ''[[Primula specuicola]]'' (Alcove or Cave-dwelling Primrose)
* ''[[Primula stricta]]'' (Coastal or Strict Primrose)
* ''[[Primula suffrutescens]]'' (Sierra[n] Primrose)
* ''[[Primula takedana]]''
* ''[[Primula tanneri]]''
* ''[[Primula tibetica]]''
* ''[[Primula tschuktschorum]]'' (Chukchi Primrose)
* ''[[Primula tyrolensis]]''
* ''[[Primula veris]]'' (Cowslip)
* ''[[Primula verticillata]]'' (Abyssinian or Whorled Primrose)
* ''[[Primula vialii]]'' (Wayside, Pagoda, Poker or Orchid Primrose)
* ''[[Primula villosa]]''
* ''[[Primula vulgaris]]'' (Primrose)
* ''[[Primula waltonii]]''
* ''[[Primula warshenewskiana]]''
* ''[[Primula whitei]]''
* ''[[Primula wilsonii]]''
* ''[[Primula wollastonii]]'' (Wollaston's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula wulfeniana]]'' (Wulfen's Primrose)
* ''[[Primula yuparensis]]''
|}
==External links==
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula Medicinal Uses of Primula]
* [http://www.americanprimrosesociety.org/ American Primrose Society]
{{commons|Primula}}
[[Category:Primulaceae]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
