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{{Taxobox | color = lightgreen
| name = ''Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root)''
| image = Rhodiola rosea a2.jpg
| image_width = 220px
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Saxifragales]]
| familia = [[Crassulaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Rhodiola]]''
| species = '''''R. rosea'''''
| binomial = ''Rhodiola rosea''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms = ''Sedum rosea'' <small>(L.) [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]</small><br/>''Sedum rhodiola'' <small>[[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]</small><br/>''Rhodiola arctica'' <small>[[Antonina Georgievna Borissova|Boriss.]]</small><br/>''Rhodiola iremelica'' <small>Boriss.</small><br/>''Rhodiola scopolii'' <small>[[Simonk.]]</small><br/>''Sedum scopolii'' <small>Simonk.</small>
}}
{{Commons|Rhodiola rosea}}
'''Rhodiola rosea''' (Golden Root, Roseroot) is a plant in the [[Crassulaceae]] family that grows in cold regions of the world. These include much of the [[Arctic]], the mountains of [[Central Asia]], the [[Rocky Mountains]], and mountainous parts of [[Europe]], such as the [[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]], [[Carpathian Mountains]], [[Scandinavia]], [[Iceland]], [[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]].
== Uses of Rhodiola rosea ==
Rhodiola rosea is effective for improving [[mood]] and alleviating [[depression (mood)|depression]]. [[Russia]]n research shows that it improves both [[physiology|physical]] and [[mind|mental]] performance, reduces [[Fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], and prevents high-[[altitude sickness]]. In one study, the Rhodiola rosea group decreased proofreading errors by 88% while the control group increased proofreading errors by 84%. Rhodiola rosea's effects are attributed to its ability to optimise [[serotonin]] and [[dopamine]] levels, due to [[monoamine oxidase]] inhibition and to its influence on [[opioid]] [[peptide]]s such as beta-[[endorphins]]. <ref>MDidea, [http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/salidroside/data.html Salidroside]</ref>
Substances like these are referred to as [[adaptogen]]s. They differ from stimulants, and do not have the same health consequences as nicotine, etc.
In Russia, Rhodiola rosea, also known as golden root, has been used for centuries to cope with the cold [[Siberia]]n climate and stressful life. It has also been used for centuries in Scandinavia, both by the [[Vikings]] and the [[Sámi]]. Note that Rhodiola is sometimes inappropriately referred to as "Arctic Root®", which is a trademark product name held by the [[Swedish Herbal Institute]] for an extract SHR-5 which contains unique Rhodiola rosea extracts tested in human clinical trials. Publication of a double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial shows a significant effect for SHR-5 Rhodiola extract in cases of mild-to-moderate depression. <ref>Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2007 V. 61, No. 5, "SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea and the Treatment of Depression" by V.Darbinyan, G.Aslanyan, E.Amroyan, E.Gabrielyan , C.Malmstro, A.Panossian, The PBM Clinic, Institute of Health Competence, Stockholm-Globen, Sweden</ref>
== Active ingredients ==
Rhodiola rosea has some [[Compound (chemistry)|compounds]] which are not found in other Rhodiola species. <ref>MDidea, [http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/salidroside/data.html##03 Specific compounds set Rhodiola rosea apart from other Rhodiola species]</ref> These are:
* rosavin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>20</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>28</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>10</sub>)
* rosarin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>19</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>26</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>10</sub>)
* rosin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>15</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>20</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>6</sub>)
Note that the word ''rosavins'' can be used to include rosavin, rosarin, and rosin. Also, the word ''Rosavin'' is a [[brand|brand name]].
Rosavin, rosarin, rosin and salidroside (and sometimes p-tyrosol, rhodioniside, rhodiolin and rosiridin) are considered the [[active ingredient]]s of Rhodiola rosea.
== Dosage ==
Rhodiola rosea extract is mainly used in the form of [[Encapsulation (pharmacology)|capsule]]s. These capsules usually contain 100 mg of a standardized amount of 3 percent rosavins and 0.8-1 percent salidroside because the naturally occurring [[ratio]] of these compounds in Rhodiola rosea root is approximately 3:1.
A typical [[Dosing|dosage]] is one or two capsules daily; one in the morning and when taking two capsules one in the early afternoon. Rhodiola rosea should be taken early in the day because it can interfere with [[sleep]]. If a user becomes overly activated, jittery or agitated then a smaller dose with very gradual increases may be needed. It is [[Contraindication|contraindicated]] in excited states.
The dose may be increased to 200 mg three times a day if needed. A high dose is considered to be daily intakes of 1,000 mg and above.
== Other adaptogens ==
* ''[[Panax ginseng]]'' (Panax Ginseng)
* ''[[Panax quinquefolius]]'' (American Ginseng)
* ''[[Eleutherococcus senticosus]]'' (Siberian Ginseng)
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* Science News Online, [http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070922/bob8.asp Warming to a Cold War Herb]
* Third Age, [http://www.thirdage.com/ebsco/files/111798.html ThirdAge: Rhodiola rosea]
* American Botanical Council, [http://content.herbalgram.org/abc/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2333 Rhodiola rosea: A Phytomedicinal Overview]
* Whole Health MD, [http://www.wholehealthmd.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=17E09E7CFFF640448FFB0B4FC1B7FEF0&nm=Reference+Library&type=AWHN_Supplements&mod=Supplements&mid=&id=BC6009ED692E4496AB9D44084CC3E746&tier=2 Reference Library]
* Alternative Medicine, [http://www.alternativemedicine.com/common/news/store_news.asp?task=store_news&SID_store_news=552&storeID=02AD61F001A74B5887D3BD11F6C28169 The Herb that Came In from the Cold]
'''Critical of effects on mountain sickness'''
* Wilderness Medical Society, [http://www.wemjournal.org/wmsonline/?request=get-document&issn=1080-6032&volume=014&issue=01&page=0009 Lack of Effect of Rhodiola on Hypoxemia and Oxidative Stress]
* Swedish Medical Center, [http://www.swedish.org/111650.cfm Acute Mountain Sickness]
[[Category:Crassulaceae]]
[[Category:Alpine flora]]
| name = ''Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root)''
| image = Rhodiola rosea a2.jpg
| image_width = 220px
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Saxifragales]]
| familia = [[Crassulaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Rhodiola]]''
| species = '''''R. rosea'''''
| binomial = ''Rhodiola rosea''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms = ''Sedum rosea'' <small>(L.) [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]</small><br/>''Sedum rhodiola'' <small>[[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]</small><br/>''Rhodiola arctica'' <small>[[Antonina Georgievna Borissova|Boriss.]]</small><br/>''Rhodiola iremelica'' <small>Boriss.</small><br/>''Rhodiola scopolii'' <small>[[Simonk.]]</small><br/>''Sedum scopolii'' <small>Simonk.</small>
}}
{{Commons|Rhodiola rosea}}
'''Rhodiola rosea''' (Golden Root, Roseroot) is a plant in the [[Crassulaceae]] family that grows in cold regions of the world. These include much of the [[Arctic]], the mountains of [[Central Asia]], the [[Rocky Mountains]], and mountainous parts of [[Europe]], such as the [[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]], [[Carpathian Mountains]], [[Scandinavia]], [[Iceland]], [[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]].
== Uses of Rhodiola rosea ==
Rhodiola rosea is effective for improving [[mood]] and alleviating [[depression (mood)|depression]]. [[Russia]]n research shows that it improves both [[physiology|physical]] and [[mind|mental]] performance, reduces [[Fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], and prevents high-[[altitude sickness]]. In one study, the Rhodiola rosea group decreased proofreading errors by 88% while the control group increased proofreading errors by 84%. Rhodiola rosea's effects are attributed to its ability to optimise [[serotonin]] and [[dopamine]] levels, due to [[monoamine oxidase]] inhibition and to its influence on [[opioid]] [[peptide]]s such as beta-[[endorphins]]. <ref>MDidea, [http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/salidroside/data.html Salidroside]</ref>
Substances like these are referred to as [[adaptogen]]s. They differ from stimulants, and do not have the same health consequences as nicotine, etc.
In Russia, Rhodiola rosea, also known as golden root, has been used for centuries to cope with the cold [[Siberia]]n climate and stressful life. It has also been used for centuries in Scandinavia, both by the [[Vikings]] and the [[Sámi]]. Note that Rhodiola is sometimes inappropriately referred to as "Arctic Root®", which is a trademark product name held by the [[Swedish Herbal Institute]] for an extract SHR-5 which contains unique Rhodiola rosea extracts tested in human clinical trials. Publication of a double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial shows a significant effect for SHR-5 Rhodiola extract in cases of mild-to-moderate depression. <ref>Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2007 V. 61, No. 5, "SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea and the Treatment of Depression" by V.Darbinyan, G.Aslanyan, E.Amroyan, E.Gabrielyan , C.Malmstro, A.Panossian, The PBM Clinic, Institute of Health Competence, Stockholm-Globen, Sweden</ref>
== Active ingredients ==
Rhodiola rosea has some [[Compound (chemistry)|compounds]] which are not found in other Rhodiola species. <ref>MDidea, [http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/salidroside/data.html##03 Specific compounds set Rhodiola rosea apart from other Rhodiola species]</ref> These are:
* rosavin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>20</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>28</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>10</sub>)
* rosarin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>19</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>26</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>10</sub>)
* rosin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>15</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>20</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>6</sub>)
Note that the word ''rosavins'' can be used to include rosavin, rosarin, and rosin. Also, the word ''Rosavin'' is a [[brand|brand name]].
Rosavin, rosarin, rosin and salidroside (and sometimes p-tyrosol, rhodioniside, rhodiolin and rosiridin) are considered the [[active ingredient]]s of Rhodiola rosea.
== Dosage ==
Rhodiola rosea extract is mainly used in the form of [[Encapsulation (pharmacology)|capsule]]s. These capsules usually contain 100 mg of a standardized amount of 3 percent rosavins and 0.8-1 percent salidroside because the naturally occurring [[ratio]] of these compounds in Rhodiola rosea root is approximately 3:1.
A typical [[Dosing|dosage]] is one or two capsules daily; one in the morning and when taking two capsules one in the early afternoon. Rhodiola rosea should be taken early in the day because it can interfere with [[sleep]]. If a user becomes overly activated, jittery or agitated then a smaller dose with very gradual increases may be needed. It is [[Contraindication|contraindicated]] in excited states.
The dose may be increased to 200 mg three times a day if needed. A high dose is considered to be daily intakes of 1,000 mg and above.
== Other adaptogens ==
* ''[[Panax ginseng]]'' (Panax Ginseng)
* ''[[Panax quinquefolius]]'' (American Ginseng)
* ''[[Eleutherococcus senticosus]]'' (Siberian Ginseng)
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* Science News Online, [http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070922/bob8.asp Warming to a Cold War Herb]
* Third Age, [http://www.thirdage.com/ebsco/files/111798.html ThirdAge: Rhodiola rosea]
* American Botanical Council, [http://content.herbalgram.org/abc/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2333 Rhodiola rosea: A Phytomedicinal Overview]
* Whole Health MD, [http://www.wholehealthmd.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=17E09E7CFFF640448FFB0B4FC1B7FEF0&nm=Reference+Library&type=AWHN_Supplements&mod=Supplements&mid=&id=BC6009ED692E4496AB9D44084CC3E746&tier=2 Reference Library]
* Alternative Medicine, [http://www.alternativemedicine.com/common/news/store_news.asp?task=store_news&SID_store_news=552&storeID=02AD61F001A74B5887D3BD11F6C28169 The Herb that Came In from the Cold]
'''Critical of effects on mountain sickness'''
* Wilderness Medical Society, [http://www.wemjournal.org/wmsonline/?request=get-document&issn=1080-6032&volume=014&issue=01&page=0009 Lack of Effect of Rhodiola on Hypoxemia and Oxidative Stress]
* Swedish Medical Center, [http://www.swedish.org/111650.cfm Acute Mountain Sickness]
[[Category:Crassulaceae]]
[[Category:Alpine flora]]
