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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Passion fruit
| image = Maracuyá.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Ripe yellow passion fruit, or "maracuyá"
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
| familia = [[Passifloraceae]]
| genus = [[Passiflora]]
| species = '''''P. edulis'''''
| binomial = ''Passiflora edulis''
| binomial_authority = [[John Sims|Sims]]
}}
:''For the German pop group, see [[Passion Fruit (band)]].''
'''''Passiflora edulis''''' or '''passion fruit''' is cultivated commercially for its [[fruit]] in northwestern [[South America]], [[India]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Brazil]], southern [[Florida]], [[Hawaii]], [[Australia]], [[East Africa]], [[Israel]] and [[South Africa]] (where it is known as a [[grenadilla]] or [[granadilla]]). The passion fruit is round to oval, yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit can be grown to eat or for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.
The two types of passion fruit have greatly different exterior appearances. The bright yellow variety of passion fruit, which is also known as the Golden Passionfruit, can grow up to the size of a [[grapefruit]], has a smooth, glossy, light and airy rind, and has been used as a [[rootstock]] for the purple passion fruit in Australia.<ref name="garden">{{cite news
| last = Reynhardt
| first = Debbie
| title = Gardening with Debbie Reynhardt
| work = Dispatch Online
| publisher = Dispatch Media (Pty) Ltd
| date = 8 February 2003
| url = http://www.dispatch.co.za/2003/02/08/features/GARDEN.HTM
| accessdate = 2006-11-20 }}</ref> The dark purple passion fruit (for example, in Kenya) is smaller than a [[lemon]], with a dry, wrinkled rind at maturity.
The purple varieties of the fruit reportedly have traces of [[cyanogenic]] [[glycoside]]s in the skin, and hence are mildly poisonous. However, the thick, hard skin is hardly edible, and if boiled (to make [[jam]]), the [[cyanide]] molecules are destroyed at high temperatures.
==Names==
*In the [[Dominican Republic]] the fruit is knowm as '''Chinola'''
*In [[Brazil]] and [[Portugal]] the fruit is known as '''maracujá'''.
*In [[Colombia]], it is known as '''maracuyá''' (yellow variety) or '''gulupa''' (purple variety).
*In [[Jamaica]] it is called '''sweet cup'''.
*In [[Nicaragua]] it is known as '''calala''', a sweet-tasting [[juice]] is made when the fruit is cut in half and boiled in water.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Nicaraguan Fruits: Passion Fruit | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.vianica.com/go/specials/14-nicaraguan-fruits.html | work =ViaNica | pages = | accessdate = 2007-07-13 | language = }}</ref>
*In [[Costa Rica]], [[Panama]], [[Ecuador]], [[Mexico]], [[Honduras]] and [[Peru]], it is called '''Maracuyá'''.
*In [[Puerto Rico]], the fruit is called '''parcha'''.
*In [[South Africa]] the purple variety is called a '''granadilla''' whereas the golden/yellow variety is called '''guavadilla'''.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/ff/alien_biota/layout.pdf|title = Alien invasive plants in the Kruger National Park|format = PDF|pages = 28}}</ref>
*In [[Venezuela]], it is called '''parchita'''.
The distinctive flower of the passion fruit plant is called [[Passion flower]] or Passionflower, and is noted for its unusual visual characteristics. The leaves and roots of the plant have medicinal uses and are also called [[Passion flower]].
Early European explorers gave the plant its common name because the flower's complex structure and pattern reminded them of symbols associated with the [[Passion (Christianity)|passion of Christ]]. It was said that the flower contained the lashes received by Christ, the crown of thorns, the column, the five wounds and the three nails.<ref> {{cite book| last = Coe| first = Sophie D.| title = America's first cuisines| year = 1994| isbn = 0-292-71159-X| pages = p. 187}}</ref>
==Uses==
[[Image:Passionfruitjuice2.jpg|thumb|right|230px|A glass of passion fruit juice]]
*In Australia, passion fruit is the most common topping for the [[Pavlova (food)|pavlova]] (a [[meringue]] cake) and the vanilla slice. It is also used to flavour soft drinks such as [[Passiona]].
*In Puerto Rico, it is widely believed to lower [[blood pressure]].
*In Brazil passion fruit mousse is a common dessert, and passion fruit seeds are routinely used to decorate the tops of certain cakes. Passion fruit juice is also very common.
*In the [[Dominican Republic]] it is commonly used as an ingredient in a fruit drink containing strained passionfruit juice, sugar and water. It is also eaten fresh and used to flavor things from hard candies to popsicles.
*In [[Indonesia]] it is eaten straight as a fruit. Nevertheless, it is common to strain the passionfruit for its juice and cook it with sugar to make some sort of thick syrup. It is then mixed with water and ice to be drunk.
*In [[Hawaii]] it is normally eaten raw. Lilikoi flavored syrup is a popular topping for [[shave ice]]. [[Ice cream]] and [[mochi]] are also flavored with lilikoi, as well as many other desserts. Lilikoi fruits are not widely available in stores, so most of the fruit eaten comes from backyard gardens or wild groves.
==See also==
*[[Giant granadilla]]
*[[Sweet granadilla]]
*[[Granadilla]]
*[[Grenadilla]]
==References==
<references />
== External links ==
{{commons|Passiflora edulis}}
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html Fruits of Warm Climates: Passionfruit]
* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html California Rare Fruit Growers: Passion Fruit Fruit Facts]
* [http://www.passiflora.org/ Passiflora Society International]
* [http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/fruit%20pages/passionfruit.htm Australian Passionfruit Varieties]
* [http://www.phytochemicals.info/passion-fruit.php Phytochemicals in Passion Fruit]
* [http://www.passionflow.co.uk/ Passiflora Online]
<gallery>
Image:Purple passionfruit.jpg|Purple passion fruit, which in [[Colombia]] is called "gulupa", to distinguish it from the yellow maracuyá
Image:Passion fruit 700.jpg|Ripe purple passion fruit
Image:Maracuyá stand.jpg|Yellow passion fruits for sale
Image:Passiflora edulis dsc07776.jpg|Passion fruits on sale
Image:Passionfruit comparision.jpg|Yellow and purple passion fruits, side by side
Image:Passionfruitvine.jpg|Passion fruit still on the vine
</gallery>
[[Category:Fruit]]
[[Category:Passifloraceae]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
[[Category:Flora of the Maldives]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Passion fruit
| image = Maracuyá.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Ripe yellow passion fruit, or "maracuyá"
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
| familia = [[Passifloraceae]]
| genus = [[Passiflora]]
| species = '''''P. edulis'''''
| binomial = ''Passiflora edulis''
| binomial_authority = [[John Sims|Sims]]
}}
:''For the German pop group, see [[Passion Fruit (band)]].''
'''''Passiflora edulis''''' or '''passion fruit''' is cultivated commercially for its [[fruit]] in northwestern [[South America]], [[India]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Brazil]], southern [[Florida]], [[Hawaii]], [[Australia]], [[East Africa]], [[Israel]] and [[South Africa]] (where it is known as a [[grenadilla]] or [[granadilla]]). The passion fruit is round to oval, yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit can be grown to eat or for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.
The two types of passion fruit have greatly different exterior appearances. The bright yellow variety of passion fruit, which is also known as the Golden Passionfruit, can grow up to the size of a [[grapefruit]], has a smooth, glossy, light and airy rind, and has been used as a [[rootstock]] for the purple passion fruit in Australia.<ref name="garden">{{cite news
| last = Reynhardt
| first = Debbie
| title = Gardening with Debbie Reynhardt
| work = Dispatch Online
| publisher = Dispatch Media (Pty) Ltd
| date = 8 February 2003
| url = http://www.dispatch.co.za/2003/02/08/features/GARDEN.HTM
| accessdate = 2006-11-20 }}</ref> The dark purple passion fruit (for example, in Kenya) is smaller than a [[lemon]], with a dry, wrinkled rind at maturity.
The purple varieties of the fruit reportedly have traces of [[cyanogenic]] [[glycoside]]s in the skin, and hence are mildly poisonous. However, the thick, hard skin is hardly edible, and if boiled (to make [[jam]]), the [[cyanide]] molecules are destroyed at high temperatures.
==Names==
*In the [[Dominican Republic]] the fruit is knowm as '''Chinola'''
*In [[Brazil]] and [[Portugal]] the fruit is known as '''maracujá'''.
*In [[Colombia]], it is known as '''maracuyá''' (yellow variety) or '''gulupa''' (purple variety).
*In [[Jamaica]] it is called '''sweet cup'''.
*In [[Nicaragua]] it is known as '''calala''', a sweet-tasting [[juice]] is made when the fruit is cut in half and boiled in water.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Nicaraguan Fruits: Passion Fruit | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.vianica.com/go/specials/14-nicaraguan-fruits.html | work =ViaNica | pages = | accessdate = 2007-07-13 | language = }}</ref>
*In [[Costa Rica]], [[Panama]], [[Ecuador]], [[Mexico]], [[Honduras]] and [[Peru]], it is called '''Maracuyá'''.
*In [[Puerto Rico]], the fruit is called '''parcha'''.
*In [[South Africa]] the purple variety is called a '''granadilla''' whereas the golden/yellow variety is called '''guavadilla'''.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/ff/alien_biota/layout.pdf|title = Alien invasive plants in the Kruger National Park|format = PDF|pages = 28}}</ref>
*In [[Venezuela]], it is called '''parchita'''.
The distinctive flower of the passion fruit plant is called [[Passion flower]] or Passionflower, and is noted for its unusual visual characteristics. The leaves and roots of the plant have medicinal uses and are also called [[Passion flower]].
Early European explorers gave the plant its common name because the flower's complex structure and pattern reminded them of symbols associated with the [[Passion (Christianity)|passion of Christ]]. It was said that the flower contained the lashes received by Christ, the crown of thorns, the column, the five wounds and the three nails.<ref> {{cite book| last = Coe| first = Sophie D.| title = America's first cuisines| year = 1994| isbn = 0-292-71159-X| pages = p. 187}}</ref>
==Uses==
[[Image:Passionfruitjuice2.jpg|thumb|right|230px|A glass of passion fruit juice]]
*In Australia, passion fruit is the most common topping for the [[Pavlova (food)|pavlova]] (a [[meringue]] cake) and the vanilla slice. It is also used to flavour soft drinks such as [[Passiona]].
*In Puerto Rico, it is widely believed to lower [[blood pressure]].
*In Brazil passion fruit mousse is a common dessert, and passion fruit seeds are routinely used to decorate the tops of certain cakes. Passion fruit juice is also very common.
*In the [[Dominican Republic]] it is commonly used as an ingredient in a fruit drink containing strained passionfruit juice, sugar and water. It is also eaten fresh and used to flavor things from hard candies to popsicles.
*In [[Indonesia]] it is eaten straight as a fruit. Nevertheless, it is common to strain the passionfruit for its juice and cook it with sugar to make some sort of thick syrup. It is then mixed with water and ice to be drunk.
*In [[Hawaii]] it is normally eaten raw. Lilikoi flavored syrup is a popular topping for [[shave ice]]. [[Ice cream]] and [[mochi]] are also flavored with lilikoi, as well as many other desserts. Lilikoi fruits are not widely available in stores, so most of the fruit eaten comes from backyard gardens or wild groves.
==See also==
*[[Giant granadilla]]
*[[Sweet granadilla]]
*[[Granadilla]]
*[[Grenadilla]]
==References==
<references />
== External links ==
{{commons|Passiflora edulis}}
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html Fruits of Warm Climates: Passionfruit]
* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html California Rare Fruit Growers: Passion Fruit Fruit Facts]
* [http://www.passiflora.org/ Passiflora Society International]
* [http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/fruit%20pages/passionfruit.htm Australian Passionfruit Varieties]
* [http://www.phytochemicals.info/passion-fruit.php Phytochemicals in Passion Fruit]
* [http://www.passionflow.co.uk/ Passiflora Online]
<gallery>
Image:Purple passionfruit.jpg|Purple passion fruit, which in [[Colombia]] is called "gulupa", to distinguish it from the yellow maracuyá
Image:Passion fruit 700.jpg|Ripe purple passion fruit
Image:Maracuyá stand.jpg|Yellow passion fruits for sale
Image:Passiflora edulis dsc07776.jpg|Passion fruits on sale
Image:Passionfruit comparision.jpg|Yellow and purple passion fruits, side by side
Image:Passionfruitvine.jpg|Passion fruit still on the vine
</gallery>
[[Category:Fruit]]
[[Category:Passifloraceae]]
[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
[[Category:Flora of the Maldives]]
