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{{otheruses}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Actaea''
| image = Actaea erythrocarpa0.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Actaea rubra]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ranunculales]]
| familia = [[Ranunculaceae]]
| genus = '''''Actaea'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
[[Image:Actaea-pachypoda.jpg|thumb|''Actaea pachypoda'' (White Baneberry)]]
'''''Actaea''''' ('''baneberry''' or '''bugbane''') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Ranunculaceae]], native to temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The genus is closely related to ''[[Cimicifuga]]'' and ''[[Souliea]]'', and many botanists include those genera within ''Actaea'' (e.g. Compton et al. 1998, Compton & Culham 2002, Gao et al. 2006, RHS Plant Finder, 2007) based on combined evidence from DNA sequence data, similarity in biochemical constituents and on morphology; if included, the number of species in ''Actaea'' rises to 25-30. Other botanists (e.g. Hoffman 1999, Wang et al. 1999, Lee & Park 2004) reject this merger because only one group (Actaea) have fleshy fruit while the remainder have dry fruit. The genus is treated here in its narrow sense, comprising four to eight species.
;Selected species
*''[[Actaea asiatica]]''
*''[[Actaea pachypoda]]'' - White Baneberry, White Cohosh, Doll's Eyes
*''[[Actaea rubra]]'' (syn. ''Actaea erythrocarpa'') - Red Baneberry
*''[[Actaea spicata]]'' (syn. ''Actaea alba'') - Baneberry, Herb Christopher
The name ''Actaea alba'' (L.) Mill. is a confused one (Fernald 1940); although described as an American species (now named ''A. pachypoda''), the illustration on which the description was based was actually a picture of the European ''A. spicata'', and strictly, the name is therefore a [[synonymy|synonym]] of the European species. Some texts however still treat ''A. pachypoda'' under this name.
''Actaea'' is recorded as a food plant for the [[larva]] of the [[Dot Moth]].
==References==
* Compton, J. A., Culham, A. & Jury, S. L. (1998). Reclassification of Actaea to include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): Phylogeny inferred from morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F sequence variation. ''Taxon'' 47: 593–634.
* Compton, JA & Culham, A., 2002. Phylogeny and circumscription of tribe Actaeeae (Ranunculaceae). Syst. Bot., 27(3): 502-511
* Fernald, M. L. 1940. What is Actaea alba? ''Rhodora'' 42: 260-265.
* Gao, J-C., Zhang, J-C., Lu, Z-J, Zhu G-Y, Yang, M-S & Xiao, P-G, 2006. Chemical constituents of Actaea asiatica Hara and their anti-osteoporosis activities Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34(9): 710-713
* Hoffman, M. H. 1999. The phylogeny of Actaea (Ranunculaceae): a biogeographical approach. ''Pl. Syst. Evol''. 216: 251–263.
* Lee, H.-W. & Park, C.-W. (2004). New Taxa of Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) from Korea and the United States. ''Novon'' 14: 180–184 (available [http://www.fna.org/china/novon/novo-14-02-180.pdf online (pdf file)].
* RHS Plant Finder http://www.rhs.org.uk/rhsplantfinder/plantfinder.asp
* Wang, W. T., Li, L.-Q. & Wang, Z. (1999). Notulae de Ran-unculaceis Sinensibus XXIII. ''Acta Phytotax. Sin''. 37: 209–219.
* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?146 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in broad sense)
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=100421 Flora of China: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in narrow sense)
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=100421 Flora of North America: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in narrow sense)
{{commonscat|Actaea}}
[[Category:Ranunculaceae]]
{{Ranunculales-stub}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Actaea''
| image = Actaea erythrocarpa0.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Actaea rubra]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ranunculales]]
| familia = [[Ranunculaceae]]
| genus = '''''Actaea'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
[[Image:Actaea-pachypoda.jpg|thumb|''Actaea pachypoda'' (White Baneberry)]]
'''''Actaea''''' ('''baneberry''' or '''bugbane''') is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Ranunculaceae]], native to temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]].
The genus is closely related to ''[[Cimicifuga]]'' and ''[[Souliea]]'', and many botanists include those genera within ''Actaea'' (e.g. Compton et al. 1998, Compton & Culham 2002, Gao et al. 2006, RHS Plant Finder, 2007) based on combined evidence from DNA sequence data, similarity in biochemical constituents and on morphology; if included, the number of species in ''Actaea'' rises to 25-30. Other botanists (e.g. Hoffman 1999, Wang et al. 1999, Lee & Park 2004) reject this merger because only one group (Actaea) have fleshy fruit while the remainder have dry fruit. The genus is treated here in its narrow sense, comprising four to eight species.
;Selected species
*''[[Actaea asiatica]]''
*''[[Actaea pachypoda]]'' - White Baneberry, White Cohosh, Doll's Eyes
*''[[Actaea rubra]]'' (syn. ''Actaea erythrocarpa'') - Red Baneberry
*''[[Actaea spicata]]'' (syn. ''Actaea alba'') - Baneberry, Herb Christopher
The name ''Actaea alba'' (L.) Mill. is a confused one (Fernald 1940); although described as an American species (now named ''A. pachypoda''), the illustration on which the description was based was actually a picture of the European ''A. spicata'', and strictly, the name is therefore a [[synonymy|synonym]] of the European species. Some texts however still treat ''A. pachypoda'' under this name.
''Actaea'' is recorded as a food plant for the [[larva]] of the [[Dot Moth]].
==References==
* Compton, J. A., Culham, A. & Jury, S. L. (1998). Reclassification of Actaea to include Cimicifuga and Souliea (Ranunculaceae): Phylogeny inferred from morphology, nrDNA ITS, and cpDNA trnL-F sequence variation. ''Taxon'' 47: 593–634.
* Compton, JA & Culham, A., 2002. Phylogeny and circumscription of tribe Actaeeae (Ranunculaceae). Syst. Bot., 27(3): 502-511
* Fernald, M. L. 1940. What is Actaea alba? ''Rhodora'' 42: 260-265.
* Gao, J-C., Zhang, J-C., Lu, Z-J, Zhu G-Y, Yang, M-S & Xiao, P-G, 2006. Chemical constituents of Actaea asiatica Hara and their anti-osteoporosis activities Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34(9): 710-713
* Hoffman, M. H. 1999. The phylogeny of Actaea (Ranunculaceae): a biogeographical approach. ''Pl. Syst. Evol''. 216: 251–263.
* Lee, H.-W. & Park, C.-W. (2004). New Taxa of Cimicifuga (Ranunculaceae) from Korea and the United States. ''Novon'' 14: 180–184 (available [http://www.fna.org/china/novon/novo-14-02-180.pdf online (pdf file)].
* RHS Plant Finder http://www.rhs.org.uk/rhsplantfinder/plantfinder.asp
* Wang, W. T., Li, L.-Q. & Wang, Z. (1999). Notulae de Ran-unculaceis Sinensibus XXIII. ''Acta Phytotax. Sin''. 37: 209–219.
* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?146 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in broad sense)
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=100421 Flora of China: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in narrow sense)
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=100421 Flora of North America: ''Actaea''] (treats genus in narrow sense)
{{commonscat|Actaea}}
[[Category:Ranunculaceae]]
{{Ranunculales-stub}}
