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Ilex verticillata, Gray (Prinos verticillatus, Linn.). Black Alder. Winterberry. Fig. 1950. Shrub, with spreading branches: lvs. obovate to oblanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate or acute, serrate or doubly serrate, usually pubescent beneath, 1 ½ -3 in. long, turning black after frost: all fls. short-stalked: fr. bright red, about ¼ in. across. June, July: fr. in Oct. Canada to Fla., west to Wis. and Mo. Em. 388. F.E. 24: 779. Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia, Torr. (I. bronxensis, Brit.). Lvs. obovate, glabrous or pubescent, thin: fls. and frs. larger. B.B. (ed. 2) 3:489. Ilex verticillata var. chrysocarpa, Rob. Fra. bright yellow. Also I. fastigiata, Bicknell, from Nantucket, differing in its fastigiate habit and in the narrower lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate lvs., is probably only a variety of this species.—Very variable in shape and texture of Iva. One of the best hardy shrubs with ornamental frs. remaining on the branches until midwinter, and are rarely eaten by birds.

Ilex verticillata, Gray (Prinos verticillatus, Linn.). Black Alder. Winterberry. Fig. 1950. Shrub, with spreading branches: lvs. obovate to oblanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate or acute, serrate or doubly serrate, usually pubescent beneath, 1 ½ -3 in. long, turning black after frost: all fls. short-stalked: fr. bright red, about ¼ in. across. June, July: fr. in Oct. Canada to Fla., west to Wis. and Mo. Em. 388. F.E. 24: 779. Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia, Torr. (I. bronxensis, Brit.). Lvs. obovate, glabrous or pubescent, thin: fls. and frs. larger. B.B. (ed. 2) 3:489. Ilex verticillata var. chrysocarpa, Rob. Fra. bright yellow. Also I. fastigiata, Bicknell, from Nantucket, differing in its fastigiate habit and in the narrower lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate lvs., is probably only a variety of this species.—Very variable in shape and texture of lvs. One of the best hardy shrubs with ornamental frs. remaining on the branches until midwinter, and are rarely eaten by birds.

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