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Elecampane (view source)

Revision as of 20:46, 18 March 2010

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|familia=Asteraceae
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|genus=Inula
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|species=helenium
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|taxo_author=L.
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|common_name=Elecampane
 
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|image=Inule helenium.jpg
 
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'''Elecampane''', also called '''Horse-heal''' (''Inula helenium'') or '''Marchalan''' (in [[Welsh language|Welsh]]), is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[composite plant]] common in many parts of [[Great Britain]], and ranges throughout central and [[Southern Europe]], and in [[Asia]] as far eastwards as the [[Himalayas]].
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It is a rather rigid [[herb]], the [[Plant stem|stem]] of which attains a height of from 3 to 5 feet; the [[leaves]] are large and toothed, the lower ones stalked, the rest embracing the stem; the [[flower]]s are yellow, 2 inches broad, and have many rays, each three-notched at the extremity. The root is thick, branching and mucilaginous, and has a warm, bitter taste and a [[camphoraceous]] [[odor]].
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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Inula helenium, Linn. Elecampane. Fig. 1959. Tall, thick-stemmed: lvs. unequally dentate-serrate; root- lvs. elliptic-oblong, narrowed into a petiole; st.-lvs. half-clasping, cordate-oblong: outer involucral parts leafy, ovate. Wet, sandy and mountainous regions. Eu., N. Asia. Naturalized in Amer. — The roots are thick and carrot-like. For medicinal purposes, 2-year- old roots should be dug in Aug. lf older, they are likely to be stringy and woody.
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Inula helenium, Linn. Elecampane. Tall, thick-stemmed: lvs. unequally dentate-serrate; root- lvs. elliptic-oblong, narrowed into a petiole; st.-lvs. half-clasping, cordate-oblong: outer involucral parts leafy, ovate. Wet, sandy and mountainous regions. Eu., N. Asia. Naturalized in Amer. — The roots are thick and carrot-like. For medicinal purposes, 2-year- old roots should be dug in Aug. lf older, they are likely to be stringy and woody.
 
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{{Taxobox | color = lightgreen
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==Cultivation==
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| name = Elecampane
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| image = Koeh-210.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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===Propagation===
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| phylum = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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===Pests and diseases===
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| ordo = [[Asterales]]
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| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
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| tribus = [[Inuleae]]
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| genus = ''[[Inula]]''
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| species = '''''I. helenium'''''
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| binomial = ''Inula helenium''
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}}
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'''Elecampane''', also called '''Horse-heal''' (''Inula helenium'') or '''Marchalan''' (in [[Welsh]]), is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[composite plant]] common in many parts of [[Great Britain]], and ranges throughout central and [[Southern Europe]], and in [[Asia]] as far eastwards as the [[Himalayas]].
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It is a rather rigid [[herb]], the [[Plant stem|stem]] of which attains a height of from 3 to 5 feet; the [[leaves]] are large and toothed, the lower ones stalked, the rest embracing the stem; the [[flower]]s are yellow, 2 inches broad, and have many rays, each three-notched at the extremity. The root is thick, branching and mucilaginous, and has a warm, bitter taste and a [[camphoraceous]] [[odor]].
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==Varieties==
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[[Image:Inule helenium.jpg|thumb|left|230px]]
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For [[medicinal]] purposes it should be procured from plants not more than two or three years old. Besides [[inulin]], C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>20</sub>O<sub>10</sub>, a body [[isomeric]] with [[starch]], the [[root]] contains [[helenin]], C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O, a [[stearoptene]], which may be prepared in white acicular [[crystal]]s, insoluble in water, but freely soluble in [[alcohol]]. When freed from the accompanying inula-camphor by repeated crystallization from alcohol, helenin melts at 110° C. By the ancients the root was employed both as a medicine and as a [[condiment]], and in [[England]] it was formerly in great repute as an aromatic tonic and stimulant of the secretory [[organ (anatomy)|organ]]s. As a drug, however, the root is now seldom resorted to except in [[veterinary]] practice, though it is undoubtedly possessed of [[antiseptic]] properties.
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In [[France]] and [[Switzerland]] it is used in the manufacture of [[absinthe]].
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==Gallery==
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==Folklore==
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The plant's specific name, ''helenium'', derives from [[Helen of Troy]]; elecampane is said to have sprung up from where her tears fell. It was sacred to the ancient [[Celts]], and once had the name "elfwort".<ref>Howard, Michael. ''Traditional Folk Remedies'' (Century, 1987); p135</ref>
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==Herbalism==
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[[John Gerard]] recommended elecampane for "the shortness of breath"; today herbalists prescribe it as an [[expectorant]] and for [[water retention]]; it also is claimed to have [[antiseptic]] properties. It has minor applications as a [[tonic]] and to bring on [[menstruation]].<ref>Howard, Michael. ''Traditional Folk Remedies'' (Century, 1987); p136</ref>
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==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
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{{Commons|Inula helenium}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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{{1911}}
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Asteraceae]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Flora of Asia]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
 
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