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Jacaranda. (Brazilian name). Bignoniaceae. Handsome tubular-flowered trees and shrubs, grown far South and also under glass.

Jacaranda. (Brazilian name). Bignoniaceae. Handsome tubular-flowered trees and shrubs, grown far South and also under glass.

Leaves opposite, 2-pinnate, rarely 1-pinnate; Ifts. usually numerous, entire or dentate: fls. showy blue or violet, mostly in terminal or axillary panicles, often very freely produced; calyx small, 5-toothed; corolla-tube straight or curved, regular at the base or somewhat constricted above the ovary and broadened above; corolla-limb somewhat 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rounded and spreading and nearly equal; disk thick and cushion- like; perfect stamens 4, didynamous; staminode about as long as the stamens, club-shaped at the apex and often bearded at the top: fr. an oblong, ovate or broad dehiscent caps.祐pecies about 50, in the American tropics. Prop, by cuttings of half-ripened wood. Under glass they are considered to be warmhouse subjects.

Leaves opposite, 2-pinnate, rarely 1-pinnate; Ifts. usually numerous, entire or dentate: fls. showy blue or violet, mostly in terminal or axillary panicles, often very freely produced; calyx small, 5-toothed; corolla-tube straight or curved, regular at the base or somewhat constricted above the ovary and broadened above; corolla-limb somewhat 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rounded and spreading and nearly equal; disk thick and cushion- like; perfect stamens 4, didynamous; staminode about as long as the stamens, club-shaped at the apex and often bearded at the top: fr. an oblong, ovate or broad dehiscent caps. Species about 50, in the American tropics. Prop, by cuttings of half-ripened wood. Under glass they are considered to be warmhouse subjects.

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==Cultivation==

 

 

| image = Jacaranda_in_Blossom.jpg

===Propagation===

| image_width = 240px

| image_caption = Flowering Jacaranda

| regnum = [[Plant]]ae

| ordo = [[Lamiales]]

| familia = [[Bignoniaceae]]

| genus = '''''Jacaranda'''''

| genus_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]

| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]

| subdivision = See text.

===Pests and diseases===

The species are [[shrub]]s to large [[tree]]s ranging in size from 2-30 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are bipinnate in most species, pinnate or simple in a few species. The [[flower]]s are produced in conspicuous large [[panicle]]s, each flower with a five-lobed blue to purple-blue [[corolla]]; a few species have white flowers. The [[fruit]] is an oblong to oval flattened [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing numerous slender [[seed]]s. The genus differs from other genera in the Bignoniaceae in having a [[staminode]] that is longer than the [[stamen]]s, tricolpate [[pollen]], and a [[chromosome]] number of 18.

==Selected species==

==Species==

Selected species:

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==Cultivation and uses==

==Gallery==

 

Image:BGL_Jacaranda.jpg|Jacaranda in full bloom

Image:JacarandaWooroolinAustralia.JPG|jacarandas in bloom

 

Image:Jacaranda.JPG|jacarandas

[[Image:BGL_Jacaranda.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jacaranda in full bloom on 12th Main, Indira Nagar, [[Bangalore]], India]]

Image:Jacaranda trees in Montagu Ave, Harare, Zimbabwe in 1975.jpg|Jacaranda trees

 

Image:Jacaranda_flowerlitter.jpg|Purple jacaranda flowers carpet the ground as they fall.

[[Pretoria]] in [[South Africa]] is popularly known as '''The Jacaranda City''' due to the enormous number of Jacaranda trees planted as street trees and in parks and gardens. In flowering time the city appears blue/purple in colour when seen from the nearby hills because of all the Jacaranda trees. The time of year the Jacarandas bloom in Pretoria, coincide with the year-end exams at the [[University of Pretoria]] and legend has it that if a flower from the Jacaranda tree drops on your head, you will pass all your exams. Other towns and cities in South Africa have Jacaranda trees, but none produce such a show as that of Pretoria.

Image:Jacaranda_bhutan.jpg|Jacaranda trees

 

<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Pretoriajacaranda.jpg|thumb|left|250x|Jacaranda in full bloom in [[Pretoria]], [[South Africa]]]] -->

 

The city of [[Brisbane]] in [[Australia]] has a local reputation of having a significant population of Jacaranda trees.  The [[University of Queensland]] in the city's inner west has a very high concentration of the tree, and due to the impressive display of purple flowers in mid-Spring, which wind up littering vast sections of the [[suburbs]], local [[folklore]] claims that "one won't start studying for exams until the jacarandas have molted". This has led to the slang name "exam tree" being attached to the plant.  At Sydney University there exists a similar expression "by the time the jacaranda in the main quadrangle flowers, it's too late to start studying for exams".

 

Jacarandas in bloom have become closely associated with Brisbane and South East Queensland. The Brisbane City Council have used jacarandas to line avenues, and commercial developments in some areas, particularly along the [[Brisbane River]] have incorporated jacarandas into their landscape design.  The trees are common in parks throughout the city, most notably in a long curved avenue in the inner city [[New Farm Park, Brisbane|New Farm Park]], in [[Goodna, Queensland|Goodna]], and in private backyards.  Brisbane's hilly geography allows views of the city and suburbs in which the brightly coloured flowers can be easily seen for miles.  The jacaranda has become so much a part of the city's identity that contemporary art, particularly of streetscapes, often incorporates the flowering jacaranda, despite the fact that it flowers for approximately six weeks from September through October.  

 

[[Image:JacarandaWooroolinAustralia.JPG|left|thumb|Old church surrounded by jacarandas in bloom, Wooroolin, Australia.]]

 

The city of [[Grafton, New South Wales|Grafton]] on the edge of the New England plateau in northern [[New South Wales]], Australia, is also famous for its Jacarandas.  Every October the city has a Jacaranda festival during the period of full bloom.  A street parade, local public holiday and a series of events are held.  A local public holiday sees the city's businesses perform street theatre for passers by and street stalls proliferate.  A Jacaranda Queen and Jacaranda Princess are named at a formal ball.

 

==References and external links==

==References==

* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6151 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Jacaranda'']

* Dos Santos, G., & Miller, R. B. (1997).  Wood anatomy of ''Jacaranda'' (Bignoniaceae): Systematic relationships in sections ''Monolobos'' and ''Dilobos'' as suggested by twig and stem rays. ''IAWA Journal'' 18: 369-383. Available [http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf1997/santo97a.pdf online] (pdf file).

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

* [http://www.goodnarsljacfest.gil.com.au/ Goodna RSL Jacaranda Festival at Evan Marginson Park, Goodna]

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->