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Juglans regia (view source)

Revision as of 23:58, 31 March 2010

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Juglandaceae
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|genus=Juglans
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|species=regia
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|taxo_author=L.
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|habit=tree
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|lifespan=perennial
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|exposure=sun
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|features=edible
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=English Walnuts.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Whole and shelled ''J. regia''
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Juglans regia, linn. Persian or English Walnut. Round-headed tree, to 70 ft.: lfts. 5-13, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, almost glabrous, bright green, 2-5 in. long: fr. almost globular, green; nut usually oval, reticulate and rather smooth, rather thin-shelled. S. E. Eu. Himalayas, China. U. S. N. C. pi. 6. H.W. 2:36, pp. 87-9. M.D. 1911, p. 197(habit). Many varieties are cult, as fr. trees, for which see Walnut. var. sinensis, DC. (J. sinensis, Dode). Lfts. usually 5, larger, pubescent on the veins below: nut globose-ovoid, very rugose. China, Japan. S.I.F. 2:5. Of the ornamental varieties the most distinct and decorative is var. laciniata, Loud. (var. filicifolia, Hort. var. asplenifolia, Hort.), with narrow, pinnately cut lfts.; very effective as a single specimen on the lawn; remains usually shrubby. M.D.G. 1908:617. var. monophylla, DC., has the lvs. simple or 3-foliolate. var. pendula, Kirchn., has pendulous branches. Var. fSrtilis, Kirchn. (var. frulicosa, Dipp. var. prapar- turiens, hort.), is a shrubby variety producing rather small, thin-shelled nuts on very young plants. Var. Bartheriana, Carr. (var. elongata, Hort.). Nut elongated, narrow- oblong. R.H. 1859, p. 147; 1861, p. 427. Gn. 50, p. 478. var. corcyrensis, Sprenger. Lvs. large, to 2 ft. long; lfts. 9, the lowest pair very small, the upper pairs broadly ovate, about 8 in. long and 5 in. broad: nut rather thick- shelled. J. Duclouxiana, Dode, from the Himalayas and W.China with more elliptic and more acuminate lfts. and nuts with thin fragile shell, is probably only a variety of J. regia.
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = English Walnut
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| image = English Walnuts.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = Whole and shelled ''J. regia''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Fagales]]
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| familia = [[Juglandaceae]]
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| genus = ''[[Walnut|Juglans]]''
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| species = '''''J. regia'''''
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| binomial = ''Juglans regia''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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}}
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The '''English Walnut''' (''Juglans regia''), also known as '''Common Walnut''' or '''Persian Walnut''', is a species of [[walnut]] that is native in a region stretching from the [[Balkans]] (in southeast [[Europe]]) eastward — all the way to the [[Himalaya]]s and southwest [[China]]. The largest forests are in [[Kyrgyzstan]], where English Walnut trees occur in extensive, nearly pure walnut forests at 1,000–2,000 m altitude (Hemery 1998)—notably at [[Arslanbob]] in [[Jalal-Abad Province]].
 
The '''English Walnut''' (''Juglans regia''), also known as '''Common Walnut''' or '''Persian Walnut''', is a species of [[walnut]] that is native in a region stretching from the [[Balkans]] (in southeast [[Europe]]) eastward — all the way to the [[Himalaya]]s and southwest [[China]]. The largest forests are in [[Kyrgyzstan]], where English Walnut trees occur in extensive, nearly pure walnut forests at 1,000–2,000 m altitude (Hemery 1998)—notably at [[Arslanbob]] in [[Jalal-Abad Province]].
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==Cultivation and uses==
 
==Cultivation and uses==
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Persian walnut is originaly from Iran where it still can be found in nature and also is widely cultivated. The English Walnut was introduced into western and northern [[Europe]] very early, by [[Roman Empire|Roman]] times or earlier, and to [[the Americas]] by the 17th century. Important nut-growing regions include [[France]], [[Serbia]], [[Greece]], [[Bulgaria]], and [[Romania]] in Europe, [[China]] in Asia, [[California]] in North America, and [[Chile]] in South America. It is cultivated extensively for its high-quality nuts, eaten both fresh and pressed for their richly flavoured oil; numerous [[cultivar]]s have been selected for larger and thin-shelled nuts.  
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Persian walnut is originaly from Iran where it still can be found in nature and also is widely cultivated. The English Walnut was introduced into western and northern [[Europe]] very early, by [[Roman Empire|Roman]] times or earlier, and to [[the Americas]] by the 17th century. It is cultivated extensively for its high-quality nuts, eaten both fresh and pressed for their richly flavoured oil; numerous [[cultivar]]s have been selected for larger and thin-shelled nuts.  
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The [[wood]] is also of very high quality—similar to American [[Black Walnut]]—and is used to make furniture and rifle stocks.
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{{Inc|
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Juglans regia, linn. Persian or English Walnut. Round-headed tree, to 70 ft.: lfts. 5-13, oblong or oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, almost glabrous, bright green, 2-5 in. long: fr. almost globular, green; nut usually oval, reticulate and rather smooth, rather thin-shelled. S. E. Eu. Himalayas, China. U.S.  Many varieties are cult, as fr. trees, for which see Walnut. var. sinensis, DC. (J. sinensis, Dode). Lfts. usually 5, larger, pubescent on the veins below: nut globose-ovoid, very rugose. China, Japan. SOf the ornamental varieties the most distinct and decorative is var. laciniata, Loud. (var. filicifolia, Hort. var. asplenifolia, Hort.), with narrow, pinnately cut lfts.; very effective as a single specimen on the lawn; remains usually shrubby. M.D.G. 1908:617. var. monophylla, DC., has the lvs. simple or 3-foliolate. var. pendula, Kirchn., has pendulous branches. Var. fSrtilis, Kirchn. (var. frulicosa, Dipp. var. prapar- turiens, hort.), is a shrubby variety producing rather small, thin-shelled nuts on very young plants. Var. Bartheriana, Carr. (var. elongata, Hort.). Nut elongated, narrow- oblong.  var. corcyrensis, Sprenger. Lvs. large, to 2 ft. long; lfts. 9, the lowest pair very small, the upper pairs broadly ovate, about 8 in. long and 5 in. broad: nut rather thick-shelled. J. Duclouxiana, Dode, from the Himalayas and W.China with more elliptic and more acuminate lfts. and nuts with thin fragile shell, is probably only a variety of J. regia.
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==Nutritional value==
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==Cultivation==
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[http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ 100 g shelled walnuts provide]:
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*15.2 g [[protein]]
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*65.2 g [[fat]]:
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**6.1 g [[saturated fat]]
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**8.9 g [[monounsaturated fat]]
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**47.2 g [[polyunsaturated fat]]
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*13.7 g [[carbohydrates]], including 6.7 g [[dietary fiber]]
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*0.34 mg [[Thiamin]]
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*0.54 mg [[Vitamin B6|Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]]
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*98 µg [[Folate]]
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*3.4 mg [[Manganese]]
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*1.6 mg [[Copper]]
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*158 mg [[Magnesium]]
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*346 mg [[Phosphorus]]
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*3.1 mg [[Zinc]]
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==Etymology and other names==
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The scientific name ''Juglans'' is from [[Latin]] ''jovis glans'', "[[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]]'s nut", and ''regia'', "royal".  Its common name, Persian walnut, indicates its origins in [[Iran|Persia]] in southwest Asia; 'walnut' derives from the [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] ''wal-'' for "foreign", recognising that it is not a nut native to northern Europe.
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Other names include Walnut (which does not distinguish the tree from other species of Juglans), Common Walnut and English Walnut, the latter name possibly because English sailors were prominent in ''Juglans regia'' nut distribution at one time.[http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/nuts/englishwalnut/englishwalnutsprofile.htm] In the [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Korean language|Korean]] languages, the edible, cultivated walnut is called 胡桃 (''hú táo'' in Mandarin or 호두 ''hodu'' in Korean), which means literally "Hu peach," suggesting that the ancient Chinese associated the introduction of the English walnut into East Asia with the [[Wu Hu|Hu]] barbarians of the regions north and northwest of China.
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===Propagation===
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==Folklore==
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In [[Skopelos]], a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, local legend suggests that whoever plants a walnut tree will die as soon as the tree can "see" the sea. This has not been proven as fact, however it might take some time to find a local arborist willing to take on the job of planting a walnut tree. Most planting is done by field rats (subfamily [[Murinae]]).
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==References==
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{commons|Juglans regia}}
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006112 Flora of China: ''Juglans regia'']
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*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Juglans+&SPECIES_XREF=regia&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Juglans regia'']
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==Varieties==
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200006112 Flora of Pakistan: ''Juglans regia'']
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*Hemery, G. E. (1998). Walnut seed-collecting expedition to Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. ''Quarterly Journal of Forestry'' 92 (2): 153-157.
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==Gallery==
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<gallery>
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 
Image:Walnut02.jpg|English Walnut nuts
 
Image:Walnut02.jpg|English Walnut nuts
 
Image:Shelled English Walnuts 2331px.jpg|Shelled walnuts in a cup
 
Image:Shelled English Walnuts 2331px.jpg|Shelled walnuts in a cup
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Fagales]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
 
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