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Taxodium distichum (view source)

Revision as of 19:10, 19 April 2010

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{{SPlantbox
 
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|familia=Cupressaceae
 
|genus=Taxodium
 
|genus=Taxodium
 
|species=distichum
 
|species=distichum
 
|common_name=Bald Cypress, Swamp Cypress
 
|common_name=Bald Cypress, Swamp Cypress
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|habit=tree
 
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|water_ref=Wikipedia
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|features=evergreen, deciduous
 
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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|image=Taxodium distichum NRCSMS01010.jpg
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|image_caption=Baldcypress forest
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'''''Taxodium distichum''''' ('''Baldcypress''', '''Bald Cypress''', or '''Swamp Cypress''') is a species of [[Pinophyta|conifer]] native to the southeastern [[United States]].<ref name=farjon>Farjon, A. (2005). ''Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4</ref><ref name=fna>Flora of North America: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200005404 ''Taxodium distichum'']</ref><ref name=gd>Gymnosperm Database: [http://www.conifers.org/cu/tax/distichum2.htm ''Taxodium distichum'']</ref>
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It is a large [[tree]], reaching 25–40 m (rarely to 44 m) tall and a trunk diameter of 2–3 m, rarely to 5 m. The [[bark]] is gray-brown to red-brown, shallowly vertically fissured, with a stringy texture. The [[leaf|leaves]] are borne on [[deciduous]] branchlets that are spirally arranged on the stem but twisted at the base to lie in two horizontal ranks, 1-2&nbsp;cm long and 1-2&nbsp;mm broad; unlike most other species in the family Cupressaceae, it is deciduous, losing the leaves in the winter months, hence the name 'bald'. It is [[plant sexuality|monoecious]]. Male and female [[strobili]] mature in about 12 months; they are produced from buds formed in the late fall, with pollination in early winter. The [[conifer cone|seed cones]] are green maturing gray-brown, globular, 2-3.5&nbsp;cm in diameter. They have from 20–30 spirally arranged four-sided scales, each bearing one or two (rarely three) trianglular [[seed]]s. The number of seeds per cone ranges from 20–40. The cones disintegrate when mature to release the large seeds. The seeds are 5-10&nbsp;mm long, the largest of any species in the cypress family, and are produced every year but with heavy crops every three to five years. The seedlings have 3–9 (most often 6) [[cotyledon]]s.<ref name=farjon/>
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The main trunks are surrounded by [[cypress knees]] .
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Taxodium distichum, Rich. (Cupressus disticha, Linn. Schubertia disticha, Mirbel). Bald Cypress. Deciduous Cypress. Tall deciduous tree, becoming 150 feet high, with a buttressed trunk usually 4-5, but sometimes attaining 12 ft. or more in diam., usually hollow in old age; bark light cinnamon-brown, flaky: branches erect or spreading, distichously ramified, forming a narrow pyramidal head, becoming at maturity broad and rounded, with slightly pendulous branches: lvs. narrowly linear, acute, thin, light green, 1/2 – 3/4 in. long: panicles of the purplish staminate fls. 4-5 in. long: cone almost globose, rugose, about 1 in. across and destitute of mucros at maturity, seed 1/4 in. long. March-May. Del. to Fla., west to Mo. and Texas, in swamps, along the larger rivers and over calcareous rocks.—An interesting natural variety is: Var. imbricarium, Nutt. (T. adscendens, Brongn. T. microphyllum, Brongn. T. distichum var. erectifrons, Schelle). Smaller tree with deeply furrowed bark: branches upright: lvs. subulate, 1/5 – 1/2 in. long, more or less upright and rather appressed. Va. to Fla. and Ala., in lakes, ponds, small rivers, apparently always over a clay subsoil. A form of the preceding variety with pendulous branches. Var. pyramidatum, Carr. Narrow pyramidal form with short ascending branches. Var. fastigiatum, Knight. With slender, upright, virgate branches sparingly ramified. Var. nanum, Carr. Dwarf, shrubby form, with numerous short branches. Var. nutans, Ait. Branches spreading, long and slender, nodding at the tips. F.E. 29:9 (as T. distichum pendulum). Var. microphyllum, Carr. Shrub, with short spreading branches; the lateral branchlets with typical foliage, those of the longer branches gradually passing toward the end into small, scale-like, imbricate lvs.
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Taxodium distichum, Rich. (Cupressus disticha, Linn. Schubertia disticha, Mirbel). Bald Cypress. Deciduous Cypress. Fig. 3779. Tall deciduous tree, becoming 150 feet high, with a buttressed trunk usually 4-5, but sometimes attaining 12 ft. or more in diam., usually hollow in old age; bark light cinnamon-brown, flaky: branches erect or spreading, distichously ramified, forming a narrow pyramidal head, becoming at maturity broad and rounded, with slightly pendulous branches: lvs. narrowly linear, acute, thin, light green, 1/2 – 3/4 in. long: panicles of the purplish staminate fls. 4-5 in. long: cone almost globose, rugose, about 1 in. across and destitute of mucros at maturity, seed 1/4 in. long. March-May. Del. to Fla., west to Mo. and Texas, in swamps, along the larger rivers and over calcareous rocks. S.S. 10:537. G.F. 3:7; 10:125. G.C. II. 11:372; 18:361; III.7:325, 328; 14:659; 24:320; 54:251. Gn. 76, p. 562. F.S.R. 2, p. 163. Gn. M. 2:11. F.E. 27:71. Gng. 2:225; 5:1. G.M. 39:875. M.D.G. 1896:303. S.H. 2:541. G.W. 14, p. 512.—An interesting natural variety is: Var. imbricarium, Nutt. (T. adscendens, Brongn. T. microphyllum, Brongn. T. distichum var. erectifrons, Schelle). Smaller tree with deeply furrowed bark: branches upright: lvs. subulate, 1/5 – 1/2 in. long, more or less upright and rather appressed. Va. to Fla. and Ala., in lakes, ponds, small rivers, apparently always over a clay subsoil. B.M. 5603. F. 1871, p. 60. Var. pendulum, Carr. (T. distichum sinense pendulum, Loud. Glyptostrobus pendulus, Endl. G. sinensis, Hort.). A form of the preceding variety with pendulous branches. Var. pyramidatum, Carr. Narrow pyramidal form with short ascending branches. Var. fastigiatum, Knight. With slender, upright, virgate branches sparingly ramified. Var. nanum, Carr. Dwarf, shrubby form, with numerous short branches. Var. nutans, Ait. Branches spreading, long and slender, nodding at the tips. F.E. 29:9 (as T. distichum pendulum). Var. microphyllum, Carr. Shrub, with short spreading branches; the lateral branchlets with typical foliage, those of the longer branches gradually passing toward the end into small, scale-like, imbricate lvs.
   
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