94,129
edits
Changes
no edit summary
Line 24:
Line 24:
{{Taxobox+| name = Arctic Willow
−| status =
−secure+
−
−
−
−
−| genus = ''[[Willow|Salix]]''+
−| species = '''''S. arctica'''''+| binomial = ''Salix arctica''
−| binomial_authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pall.]]
−}}
−The '''Arctic Willow''' (''Salix arctica'') is a tiny creeping [[willow]] (family [[Salicaceae]]). It is adapted to survive in harsh arctic and sub-arctic environments, and has a circumpolar distribution round the [[Arctic Ocean]]. It grows in [[tundra]] and rocky [[moorland]], and is the [[the world's most northern|northernmost]] [[woody plant]] in the world, occurring north to the northern limit of land on the north coast of [[Greenland]].
−It is typically a low [[shrub]] growing to only 1-15 cm in height (rarely to 25 cm high) and has round, shiny green [[Leaf|leaves]] 1-3 cm long and broad, rarely up to 8 cm long and 6 cm broad; they are pubescent, with long silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic Willow is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female [[catkin]]s on separate plants. As a result the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.+Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe arctic climate; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old.+The arctic willow is the only woody species to grow on [[Ellesmere Island]], part of the [[Canada|Canadian]] territory of [[Nunavut]]. Here it grows approximately three inches every June, sprouts small leaves at the end of the month, and drops them before August.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.billingsgazette.net/articles/2007/10/25/news/local/38-poles.txt |title=Researcher: Study of poles needed |author=Ed Kemmick |publisher=Billingsgazette.net |date=2007-10-25 |accessdate=2007-10-25}}</ref>+{{reflist}}+[[Category:Salicaceae|Willow, Arctic]]+[[Category:Arctic flora]]+
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|max_zone=8
|max_zone=8
−|image=Upload.png
+|image=Ivaarctos2.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
−'''''Salix arctica''''' ('''Arctic Willow''') is a tiny creeping [[willow]] (family [[Salicaceae]]). It is adapted to survive in harsh [[Arctic]] and [[subarctic]] environments, and has a circumpolar distribution round the [[Arctic Ocean]]. It grows in [[tundra]] and rocky [[moorland]], and is the [[The World's most northern|northernmost]] [[woody plant]] in the world, occurring far above the [[tree line]] up to the northern limit of land on the north coast of [[Greenland]]. It also occurs further south in [[North America]] on high altitude Alpine tundra south to the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] in [[California]] and the [[Rocky Mountains]] in [[New Mexico]], and in [[Asia]] to [[Xinjiang]] in [[China]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102715 ''Salix arctica'']</ref><ref name=scaa>Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: [http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/sal/www/wlsaar.htm ''Salix arctica'']</ref><ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Salix&SPECIES_XREF=arctica&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Salix arctica'']</ref>
−| color = lightgreen
−It is typically a low [[shrub]] growing to only {{convert|1|-|15|cm|abbr=on}} in height (rarely to {{convert|25|cm|abbr=on}} high), however in the [[Pacific Northwest]] it may reach {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} in height,<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Salix%20arctica.pdf Salix arctica]}}</ref> and has round, shiny green [[leaf|leaves]] {{convert|1|-|4|cm|abbr=on}} long and broad, rarely up to {{convert|8|cm|abr=on}} long and {{convert|6|cm|abbr=on}} broad; they are pubescent, with long silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic Willow is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female [[catkin]]s on separate plants. As a result the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.<ref name=scaa/><ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Salix+arctica ''Salix arctica'']</ref>
−| image = Salix herbacea(02).jpg
+| image_width = 240px
+Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe [[Climate of the Arctic|Arctic climate]]; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old.<ref name=scaa/>
−| image_caption = Arctic Willow foliage and male catkins
+| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
+==Cultivation==
−| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
+| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
+| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
+===Propagation===
−| familia = [[Salicaceae]]
+===Pests and diseases===
−==Varieties==
+[[Hybrid (biology)|Hybrids]] with ''[[Salix arcticola]]'' and ''[[Salix glauca]]'' are known.<ref name=scaa/>
−==Gallery==
−<gallery perrow=5>
+File:Ivaarctos1.jpg
+Image:Upload.png| photo 1
+Image:Upload.png| photo 2
+Image:Upload.png| photo 3
+</gallery>
−==Notes==
+==References==
−<references/>
+<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
+<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
+<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
==External links==
−*[http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/sal/www/wlsaar.htm Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: ''Salix arctica'']
+*{{wplink}}
−{{stub}}
−__NOTOC__