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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''Sambucus''
|familia=Adoxaceae
| common_names = Elderberry or Elder
|genus=Sambucus
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
|common_name=Elderberry or Elder
|poisonous=toxic, except ripe berries
|poison_ref=Wikipedia
|lifespan=perennial
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
|Temp Metric=°F
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image=Elderberries2007-08-12.JPG
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
|image_width=240
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
|image_caption=Ripening elderberries
| image = Elderberries2007-08-12.JPG
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_caption = Ripening elderberries
}}
}}
'''''Sambucus''''' ('''elder''' or '''elderberry''') is a genus of between 5 and 30 species of shrubs or small trees in the [[moschatel]] family, [[Adoxaceae]]. It was formerly placed in the [[honeysuckle]] family, [[Caprifoliaceae]], but was reclassified due to genetic evidence. Two of its species are [[herbaceous]].
The genus is native in temperate-to-subtropical regions of both the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. It is more widespread in the Northern Hemisphere; its Southern Hemisphere occurrence is restricted to parts of [[Australasia]] and [[South America]].
The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[pinnate]] with 5–9 leaflets (rarely 3 or 11). Each leaf is {{convert|5|–|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, and the leaflets have serrated margins. They bear large clusters of small white or cream-coloured [[flower]]s in late spring; these are followed by clusters of small black, blue-black, or red berries (rarely yellow or white).
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Sambucus (old Latin name for the elder, also spelled Sabucus). Caprifoliaceae. Elder. Ornamental mostly woody plants grown for their handsome foliage, showy clusters of white flowers, and the attractive red or black berries.
Sambucus (old Latin name for the elder, also spelled Sabucus). Caprifoliaceae. Elder. Ornamental mostly woody plants grown for their handsome foliage, showy clusters of white flowers, and the attractive red or black berries.
[[Image:Sambucus nigra 2004 c.jpg|thumb|Black Elder (Sambucus nigra)]]
[[Image:Sambucus nigra 2004 c.jpg|thumb|Black Elder (Sambucus nigra)]]
[[Image:Holunderkultur.JPG|thumb|Elderberry cultivation in Austria]]
[[Image:Holunderkultur.JPG|thumb|Elderberry cultivation in Austria]]
*The '''common elder''' complex is variously treated as a single species ''Sambucus nigra'' found in the warmer parts of [[Europe]] and [[North America]] with several regional varieties or subspecies, or else as a group of '''several''' similar species. The flowers are in flat [[corymb]]s, and the berries are black to glaucous blue; they are larger shrubs, reaching 5–8 [[metre|m]] tall, occasionally small trees up to 15 [[metre|m]] tall and with a stem diameter of up to 30–60 [[centimetre|cm]].
*The '''common elder''' complex is variously treated as a single species ''Sambucus nigra'' found in the warmer parts of [[Europe]] and [[North America]] with several regional varieties or subspecies, or else as a group of '''several''' similar species. The flowers are in flat [[corymb]]s, and the berries are black to glaucous blue; they are larger shrubs, reaching 5–8 [[metre|m]] tall, occasionally small trees up to 15 [[metre|m]] tall and with a stem diameter of up to 30–60 [[centimetre|cm]].
** ''[[Sambucus australis]]'' ('''Southern Elder'''; temperate eastern South America)
** ''[[Sambucus australis]]'' ('''Southern Elder'''; temperate eastern South America)
** ''[[Sambucus velutina]]'' ('''Velvet Elder'''; southwestern North America; with blue-black berries)
** ''[[Sambucus velutina]]'' ('''Velvet Elder'''; southwestern North America; with blue-black berries)
*The '''Blackberry Elder''' ''[[Sambucus melanocarpa]]'' of western North America is intermediate between the preceding and next groups. The flowers are in rounded [[panicle]]s, but the berries are black; it is a small shrub, rarely exceeding 3–4 [[metre|m]] tall. Some botanists include it in the red-berried elder group.
*The '''Blackberry Elder''' ''[[Sambucus melanocarpa]]'' of western North America is intermediate between the preceding and next groups. The flowers are in rounded [[panicle]]s, but the berries are black; it is a small shrub, rarely exceeding 3–4 [[metre|m]] tall. Some botanists include it in the red-berried elder group.
*The '''red-berried elder''' complex is variously treated as a single species ''Sambucus racemosa'' found throughout the colder parts of the [[Northern Hemisphere]] with several regional varieties or subspecies, or else as a group of several similar species. The flowers are in rounded panicles, and the berries are bright red; they are smaller shrubs, rarely exceeding 3–4 [[metre|m]] tall.
*The '''red-berried elder''' complex is variously treated as a single species ''Sambucus racemosa'' found throughout the colder parts of the [[Northern Hemisphere]] with several regional varieties or subspecies, or else as a group of several similar species. The flowers are in rounded panicles, and the berries are bright red; they are smaller shrubs, rarely exceeding 3–4 [[metre|m]] tall.
** ''[[Sambucus callicarpa]]'' ('''Pacific Coast Red Elder'''; west coast of North America)
** ''[[Sambucus callicarpa]]'' ('''Pacific Coast Red Elder'''; west coast of North America)
** ''[[Sambucus chinensis]]'' ('''Chinese Red Elder'''; eastern Asia, in mountains)
** ''[[Sambucus chinensis]]'' ('''Chinese Red Elder'''; eastern Asia, in mountains)
** ''[[Sambucus williamsii]]'' ('''North China Red Elder'''; northeast Asia)
** ''[[Sambucus williamsii]]'' ('''North China Red Elder'''; northeast Asia)
*The '''Australian elder''' group comprises two species from [[Australasia]]. The flowers are in rounded panicles, and the berries white or yellow; they are shrubs growing to 3 [[metre|m]] high.
*The '''Australian elder''' group comprises two species from [[Australasia]]. The flowers are in rounded panicles, and the berries white or yellow; they are shrubs growing to 3 [[metre|m]] high.
** ''[[Sambucus australasica]]'' ('''Yellow Elder'''; New Guinea, eastern Australia)
** ''[[Sambucus australasica]]'' ('''Yellow Elder'''; New Guinea, eastern Australia)
** ''[[Sambucus gaudichaudiana]]'' ('''Australian Elder''' or '''White Elder'''; shady areas of south eastern Australia)
** ''[[Sambucus gaudichaudiana]]'' ('''Australian Elder''' or '''White Elder'''; shady areas of south eastern Australia)
*The '''dwarf elders''' are, by contrast to the other species, [[herbaceous]] plants, producing new stems each year from a perennial root system; they grow to 1.5–2 [[metre|m]] tall, each stem terminating in a large flat umbel which matures into a dense cluster of glossy berries.
*The '''dwarf elders''' are, by contrast to the other species, [[herbaceous]] plants, producing new stems each year from a perennial root system; they grow to 1.5–2 [[metre|m]] tall, each stem terminating in a large flat umbel which matures into a dense cluster of glossy berries.
** ''[[Sambucus adnata]]'' ('''Asian Dwarf Elder'''; Himalaya and eastern Asia; berries red)
** ''[[Sambucus adnata]]'' ('''Asian Dwarf Elder'''; Himalaya and eastern Asia; berries red)
** ''[[Sambucus ebulus]]'' ('''European Dwarf Elder'''; central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia; berries black)
** ''[[Sambucus ebulus]]'' ('''European Dwarf Elder'''; central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia; berries black)
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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<gallery>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
==References==
==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
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