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Sarracenia (view source)

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|common_name=American pitcher plant, Trumpet pitcher
 
|common_name=American pitcher plant, Trumpet pitcher
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|habit=herbaceous
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|features=flowers
 
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|image=Sarracenia rubra ne.JPG
 
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|image_caption=Sarracenia rubra flower and pitcher
 
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'''''Sarracenia''''' ({{pron-en|ˌsærəˈsiːniə}} or {{IPA|/ˌsærəˈsɛniə/}}) is a [[genus]] comprising 8 to 11 species of '''[[North America]]n [[pitcher plant]]s'''. The genus belongs to the family [[Sarraceniaceae]], which also contain the closely allied genera ''[[Darlingtonia (Sarraceniaceae)|Darlingtonia]]'' and ''[[Heliamphora]]''.
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''Sarracenia'' is a genus of [[carnivorous plant]]s indigenous to the [[eastern seaboard]], [[Texas]], the [[Great Lakes]] area and southeastern [[Canada]], with most species occurring only in the south-east [[United States]] (only ''[[Sarracenia purpurea|S.&nbsp;purpurea]]'' occurs in cold-temperate regions). The plant's leaves have [[evolution|evolved]] into a funnel in order to trap [[insect]]s, digesting their prey with [[protease]]s and other enzymes.
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The insects are attracted by a nectar-like secretion on the lip of pitchers, as well as a combination of color and scent. Slippery footing at the pitchers' rim, aided in at least one species by a narcotic drug lacing the nectar, causes insects to fall inside, where they die and are digested by the plant as a nutrient source.
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''Sarracenia'' are [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s that grow from a subterranean [[rhizome]], with many tubular pitcher-shaped leaves radiating out from the growing point, and then turning upwards with their trap openings facing the center of the crown. The trap is a vertical tube with a 'hood' (the [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]) extending over its entrance; and below it the top of the tube usually has a rolled lip (the [[peristome]]) which secretes nectar and scents. The hood itself frequently produces nectar too, but in lesser quantities.
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Flowers are produced early in spring, with or slightly ahead of the first pitchers. They are held singly on long stems, generally well above the pitcher traps to avoid the trapping of potential [[pollination|pollinator]]s. The flowers, which depending on species are 3-10 centimeters in diameter, are dramatic and have an elaborate design which prevents self-pollination. It consists of five [[sepal]]s superintended by three [[bract]]s, numerous anthers, and an [[umbrella]]-like five-pointed [[Style (botany)|style]], over which five long yellow or red [[petal]]s dangle. The whole flower is held upside-down, so that the umbrella-like style catches the [[pollen]] dropped by the [[anther]]s. The [[pistil|stigma]]s are located at the tips of the umbrella-like style. The primary pollinators are [[bee]]s.
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Pitcher production begins at the end of the flowering period in spring, and lasts until late autumn. At the end of autumn, the pitchers begin to wither and the plants produce non-carnivorous leaves called phyllodia, which play a role in the [[Carnivorous plant#Ecology and modelling of carnivory|economics of carnivory]] in these species. Since the supply of insects during winter is decreased, and the onset of cold weather slows plant [[metabolism]] and other processes, putting energy into producing carnivorous leaves would be uneconomical for the plant.
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Sarracenia (Dr. D. Sarrasin, of Quebec, a well-known physician and naturalist of his day, who sent S. purpurea to Tournefort nearly two centuries ago). Sarraceniaceae. Pitcher-plant. Indian Pitcher-plant. Side-saddle plant. Devil's Boots. Forefather's Cup. Huntsman's Cup. Trumpets. Watches. Pitcher-plants of swamps and savannas of the eastern United States, grown for their great oddity.
 
Sarracenia (Dr. D. Sarrasin, of Quebec, a well-known physician and naturalist of his day, who sent S. purpurea to Tournefort nearly two centuries ago). Sarraceniaceae. Pitcher-plant. Indian Pitcher-plant. Side-saddle plant. Devil's Boots. Forefather's Cup. Huntsman's Cup. Trumpets. Watches. Pitcher-plants of swamps and savannas of the eastern United States, grown for their great oddity.
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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Flowers generally last about two weeks. At the end of the flowering period, the petals drop and the ovary, if pollinated, begins to swell. The seed forms in five lobes, with one lobe producing significantly smaller numbers of seeds than the other lobes.<ref name="Cumbee1995">Sarracenia flava ''Seed Data'', Carnivorous Plant Newsletter, volume 24, 1995, pages 110–111}}</ref>  On average, 300-600 seed are produced,<ref name="Cumbee1995"/> depending on species and pollination success. Seed takes five months to mature, at which point the seed pod turns brown and splits open, scattering seed. The seeds are 1.5-2 mm in length and have a rough, waxy coat which makes it hydrophobic, possibly for seed dispersal by flowing water. <ref name=seed>http://www.carnivorousplants.org/seedbank/species/Sarracenia.htm</ref> ''Sarracenia'' seed requires a stratification period to germinate in large numbers. Plants grown from seed start producing functioning traps almost immediately, although they differ in morphology from adult traps for the first year or so, being simpler in structure. Plants require 3–5 years to reach maturity from seed.
    
===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
 
==Species==
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The most commonly recognized species include:
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*''[[Sarracenia alabamensis]]'' <small>Case & R.B.Case</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia alata]]'' <small>(Alph.Wood) Alph.Wood</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia flava]]'' <small>L.</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia jonesii]]'' <small>Wherry</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia leucophylla]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia minor]]'' <small>Walter</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia oreophila]]'' <small>(Kearney) Wherry</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia psittacina]]'' <small>Michx.</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia purpurea]]'' <small>L.</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia rosea]]'' <small>Naczi, Case, & R.B.Case</small>
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*''[[Sarracenia rubra]]'' <small>Walter</small>
    
==Gallery==
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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<references/>
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Categorize]]
    
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