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Sarracenia purpurea (view source)

Revision as of 05:34, 19 May 2010

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|genus=Sarracenia
 
|genus=Sarracenia
 
|species=purpurea
 
|species=purpurea
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|taxo_author=L.
 
|common_name=Huntsman's cap, Northern pitcher plant, Sidesaddle plant
 
|common_name=Huntsman's cap, Northern pitcher plant, Sidesaddle plant
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|image=Purplepitcherplant.jpg
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|image_caption=Flowering ''Sarracenia purpurea''
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'''''Sarracenia purpurea''''' — commonly known as the '''purple pitcher plant''' or '''side-saddle flower''' — is a [[carnivorous plant]] in the family [[Sarraceniaceae]]. Its range includes almost the entire [[eastern seaboard]] of the [[United States]], the [[Great Lakes]], and south eastern [[Canada]], making it the most common and broadly distributed [[pitcher plant]], as well as the only member of the genus that inhabits [[temperate|cold temperate]] [[climates]]. The species is the floral emblem of the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]].
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[[Image:Pitcher_Plant,_Ontario.jpg|left|thumb|''S. purpurea'']]
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Like other species of ''[[Sarracenia]]'', ''S. purpurea'' obtains most of its nutrients through prey capture.<ref>Prey addition alters nutrient stoichiometry of the carnivorous plant ''Sarracenia purpurea'', journal: Ecology, volume 86, 2005, pages 1737–1743</ref> However, prey acquisition is said to be inefficient, with less than 1% of the visiting prey captured within the pitcher.<ref>http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122(199801)85:1%3C88:EOICBS%3E2.0.CO;2-Y</ref> Even so, anecdotal evidence by growers often shows that pitchers quickly fill up with prey during the warm summer months. Prey fall into the pitcher and drown in the rainwater that collects in the base of each leaf.  Prey items such as [[Diptera|flies]], [[ant]]s, [[spider]]s, and even [[moth]]s, are then digested by an invertebrate community, made up mostly by the mosquito ''[[Wyeomyia smithii]]'' and the midge ''[[Metriocnemus knabi]]''. [[Protist]]s, [[rotifer]]s (including ''[[Habrotrocha rosa]]''), and bacteria form the base of [[inquiline]] [[food web]] that shreds and mineralizes available prey, making nutrients available to the plant.<ref>Pitcher plant midges and mosquitoes: a processing chain commensalism, Ecology, volume 75, 1994, pages 1647–1660</ref><ref name="Mouquet 2008">Mouquet, N., Daufresne, T., Gray, S. M., and Miller, T. E. (2008). Modelling the relationship between a pitcher plant (''Sarracenia purpurea'') and its phytotelma community: mutualism or parasitism? ''Functional Ecology'', 22: 728-737.</ref><ref name="Peterson 2008">Peterson, C. N., Day, S., Wolfe, B. E., Ellison, A. M., Kolter, R., and Pringle, A. (2008). A keystone predator controls bacterial diversity in the pitcher-plant (''Sarracenia purpurea'') microecosystem. ''Environmental Microbiology'', 10(9): 2257-2266.</ref> New pitcher leaves do produce [[digestive enzyme]]s such as [[hydrolase]]s and [[protease]]s, but as the individual leaves get older into their second year, digestion of prey material is aided by the community of bacteria that live within the pitchers.<ref name="Rice 2007">Rice, Barry. (2007). [http://www.sarracenia.com/faq/faq5538.html About ''Sarracenia purpurea'', the purple pitcher plant]. The Carnivorous Plant FAQ. Accessed online: 21 June 2008.</ref><ref name="Gallie and Chang 1997">Gallie, D. R. and Chang, S.-C. (1997). [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/115/4/1461 Signal transduction in the carnivorous plant ''Sarracenia purpurea'']. ''Plant Physiology'', 115: 1461-1471.</ref>
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Sarracenia purpurea, Linn. The common pitcher-plant of the N. and the one on which the genus was founded. Fig. 3551. Pitchers ascending, in rosettes of 3-6, 2-10 in. long, widest toward middle, narrowed below and upward, green to dark purple; lid upright or slightly inclined outward with fine hispid hairs over inner lid or attractive surface; wing broad, prominent: fls. 1 1/4- 1 3/4 in. wide; sepals and petals greenish purple to purple. In wet sandy muck or by swamp margins from Labrador and Minn. to N. Fla. and Ala.; flowering from fourth week in March in N. Fla. to second week of Aug. in Lab.—Very variable in coloring from bright green in shady places to dark purple in sunny situations. According to Loddiges, writing in 1823, this species was "cultivated before the year 1640 by Tradescant, who was gardener to King Charles the First." Var. heterophylla, Eaton. Lvs. pale green: fls. yellow-green to yellow. Very rare in Mass., W. N. Y., and S. N. J.
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Sarracenia purpurea, Linn. The common pitcher-plant of the N. and the one on which the genus was founded. Fig. 3551. Pitchers ascending, in rosettes of 3-6, 2-10 in. long, widest toward middle, narrowed below and upward, green to dark purple; lid upright or slightly inclined outward with fine hispid hairs over inner lid or attractive surface; wing broad, prominent: fls. 1 1/4- 1 3/4 in. wide; sepals and petals greenish purple to purple. In wet sandy muck or by swamp margins from Labrador and Minn. to N. Fla. and Ala.; flowering from fourth week in March in N. Fla. to second week of Aug. in Lab. B M. 849. L.B.C. 4:308. F.S. 10: 1076. G.C. II. 15:821. Mn. 1:81. G.L. 27:179.—Very variable in coloring from bright green in shady places to dark purple in sunny situations. According to Loddiges, writing in 1823, this species was "cultivated before the year 1640 by Tradescant, who was gardener to King Charles the First." Var. heterophylla, Eaton. Lvs. pale green: fls. yellow-green to yellow. Very rare in Mass., W. N. Y., and S. N. J.
   
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==Cultivation==
 
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Image:LIBog 018.jpg|A ''[[Sphagnum]]'' peat bog with ''Sarracenia purpurea''.
 
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==References==
 
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<references/>
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
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