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Schinus terebinthifolius (view source)

Revision as of 05:30, 21 May 2010

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
 
|familia=Anacardiaceae
 
|familia=Anacardiaceae
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|genus=Schinus  
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|genus=Schinus
 
|species=terebinthifolius
 
|species=terebinthifolius
 
|common_name=Brazilian pepper tree
 
|common_name=Brazilian pepper tree
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|Max wd metric=ft
 
|Max wd metric=ft
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|poisonous=sap can cause skin reaction
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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|features=flowers
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|features=flowers, invasive
 
|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer
 
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|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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|image=Starr 041018-0009 Schinus terebinthifolius.jpg
 
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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'''''Schinus terebinthifolius''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the [[cashew]] family, [[Anacardiaceae]], that is native to [[Subtropics|subtropical]] and [[Tropics|tropical]] [[South America]] (southeastern [[Brazil]], northern [[Argentina]] and [[Paraguay]]). It is found in the following states of Brazil: [[Alagoas]], [[Bahia]], [[Espírito Santo]], [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], [[Minas Gerais]], [[Pernambuco]], [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Rio Grande do Norte]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], and [[Sergipe]]. Common names include '''Brazilian Pepper''', '''Aroeira''', '''Florida Holly''', '''Rose Pepper''', and '''Christmasberry'''.<ref>[http://www.ipef.br/identificacao/nativas/detalhes.asp?codigo=30 ''Schinus terebinthifolius''] at [http://www.ipef.br/ Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais]</ref>
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Brazilian Pepper is a sprawling [[shrub]] or small [[tree]], reaching a height of 7-10 m. The branches can be upright, reclining, or nearly [[vine]]-like, all on the same plant. Its plastic morphology allows it to thrive in all kinds of ecosystems: from [[dunes]] to [[swamps]], where it grows as a quasi-aquatic plant<ref>Paulo Backes & Bruno Irgang, ''Mata Atlântica: as árvores e a paisagem'', Porto Alegre, Paisagem do Sul, 2004, page 102</ref>. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[Phyllotaxis|alternate]], 10-22 cm long, [[pinnate]]ly compound with (3-) 5-15 [[leaflet]]s; the leaflets are roughly [[Leaf shape|oval]] (lanceolate to elliptical), 3-6 cm long and 2-3.5 cm broad, and have finely toothed margins, an acute to rounded apex and yellowish veins. The leaf [[rachis]] between the leaflets is usually (but not invariably) slightly winged. The plant is [[plant sexuality|dioeceous]], with small white [[flower]]s borne profusely in axillary [[Inflorescence|clusters]]. The [[fruit]] is a small red spherical [[drupe]] 4-5 mm diameter, carried in dense clusters of hundreds of berries.
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Brazilian pepper is widely grown as an [[ornamental plant]] in frost-free regions of South America for its foliage and fruit. It is considered as a [[melliferous flower]].<ref>Paulo Backes & Bruno Irgang, ''ibid.''</ref>
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Although it is not a true pepper (''[[Piper (genus)|Piper]]''), its dried drupes are often sold as '''pink peppercorns'''. The seeds can be used as a [[spice]], if used in moderation, adding a [[black pepper|pepper]]-like taste to food.
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Planted originally as an ornamental outside of its native range, Brazilian pepper has become widespread and is considered an [[invasive species]] in many [[Subtropics|subtropical]] regions with moderate to high rainfall. Brazilian Pepper is hard to control because it produces [[basal shoot]]s if the trunk is cut. Trees also produce abundant [[seed]]s that are [[Seed dispersal|dispersed]] by [[bird]]s and [[ant]]s.
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Schinus terebinthifolius, Raddi, with racemose fls., lvs. composed of 7 broader, somewhat serrated lfts. and scarlet berries, is sparingly met with in cult. in S. Calif., and proves hardy in San Francisco. Brazil.
 
Schinus terebinthifolius, Raddi, with racemose fls., lvs. composed of 7 broader, somewhat serrated lfts. and scarlet berries, is sparingly met with in cult. in S. Calif., and proves hardy in San Francisco. Brazil.
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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==Varieties==
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There are two [[variety (biology)|varieties]]:
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*''Schinus terebinthifolius'' var. ''acutifolius''. Leaves to 22 cm, with 7-15 leaflets; fruit pink.
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*''Schinus terebinthifolius'' var. ''terebinthifolius''. Leaves to 17 cm, with 5-13 leaflets; fruit red.
    
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Brazilian pepper tree.jpg|
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<gallery>
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File:Schinus terebinthifolius leaves.jpg|leaves
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:Schinus terebinthifolius flowers.jpg|flowers
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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File:Schinus terebinthifolius stem.jpg|stem
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
   
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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<references/>
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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